Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces
Solid–liquid interfaces are pervasive across the material world, playing a crucial role in various fields such as mineral flotation, oil mining and processing, and soil improvement. At these interfaces, the hydration film, a nanostructure, significantly influences their properties. The structure and...
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Science Press
2025-03-01
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| Series: | 工程科学学报 |
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| Online Access: | http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.12.04.001 |
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| author | Na ZHANG Jue KOU Chunbao SUN |
| author_facet | Na ZHANG Jue KOU Chunbao SUN |
| author_sort | Na ZHANG |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solid–liquid interfaces are pervasive across the material world, playing a crucial role in various fields such as mineral flotation, oil mining and processing, and soil improvement. At these interfaces, the hydration film, a nanostructure, significantly influences their properties. The structure and thickness of the hydrated film are affected by the properties of the solid surface and the solution. This review takes mica and calcite as examples and summarizes advances in understanding the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces through X-ray reflectivity (XR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It discusses the structures of hydration films on different mineral surfaces. It discusses how metal cations in solution, as well as ion dissociation, affect the mineral surface on these structures. The mica surface participates in ion exchange with H3O+ or other cations in the solution, resulting in a hydration film consisting of an adsorbed layer followed by the first and second hydration layers. Ca2+ and \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} dissociate and interact with the hydration film, creating a checkerboard-like pattern. The hydration film encompasses four layers, with Ca2+ and \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} sites alternating within. The thickness of the hydration film varies with ion concentration and type in the solution. For example, as the K+ concentration increases, the thickness of the hydration film on the mica surface increases. However, when K+ is replaced by Cs+ in the solution, the thickness of the hydration film on the mica surface reduces or even disrupts this film. The hydration film structures obtained by XR and AFM are also compared. XR measurements provide the electron density distribution on the crystal surface, allowing for analysis of the hydration film’s structure. By contrast, AFM measures the force–distance curve between the probe and the water on the sample surface, along with corresponding imaging. Both XR and AFM provide information on the thickness and structure of the hydration film on the mineral surface. However, the boundary between the mineral surface’s hydration film and bulk water is not defined owing to the dynamic nature of hydration films, leading to variations in measured thickness across different instruments, generally in the range of several nanometers. The objective of this review is to deepen understanding of the hydration structure at the solid–liquid interface, promoting further research into the dynamic behavior of hydration films. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c962fc94cd9b4ab88e5da306041f068d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2095-9389 |
| language | zho |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Science Press |
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| series | 工程科学学报 |
| spelling | doaj-art-c962fc94cd9b4ab88e5da306041f068d2025-02-10T06:43:59ZzhoScience Press工程科学学报2095-93892025-03-0147340141010.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.12.04.001231204-0001Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfacesNa ZHANG0Jue KOU1Chunbao SUN2School of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSolid–liquid interfaces are pervasive across the material world, playing a crucial role in various fields such as mineral flotation, oil mining and processing, and soil improvement. At these interfaces, the hydration film, a nanostructure, significantly influences their properties. The structure and thickness of the hydrated film are affected by the properties of the solid surface and the solution. This review takes mica and calcite as examples and summarizes advances in understanding the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces through X-ray reflectivity (XR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It discusses the structures of hydration films on different mineral surfaces. It discusses how metal cations in solution, as well as ion dissociation, affect the mineral surface on these structures. The mica surface participates in ion exchange with H3O+ or other cations in the solution, resulting in a hydration film consisting of an adsorbed layer followed by the first and second hydration layers. Ca2+ and \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} dissociate and interact with the hydration film, creating a checkerboard-like pattern. The hydration film encompasses four layers, with Ca2+ and \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} sites alternating within. The thickness of the hydration film varies with ion concentration and type in the solution. For example, as the K+ concentration increases, the thickness of the hydration film on the mica surface increases. However, when K+ is replaced by Cs+ in the solution, the thickness of the hydration film on the mica surface reduces or even disrupts this film. The hydration film structures obtained by XR and AFM are also compared. XR measurements provide the electron density distribution on the crystal surface, allowing for analysis of the hydration film’s structure. By contrast, AFM measures the force–distance curve between the probe and the water on the sample surface, along with corresponding imaging. Both XR and AFM provide information on the thickness and structure of the hydration film on the mineral surface. However, the boundary between the mineral surface’s hydration film and bulk water is not defined owing to the dynamic nature of hydration films, leading to variations in measured thickness across different instruments, generally in the range of several nanometers. The objective of this review is to deepen understanding of the hydration structure at the solid–liquid interface, promoting further research into the dynamic behavior of hydration films.http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.12.04.001hydration filmsx-ray reflectivityatomic force microscopymicacalcite |
| spellingShingle | Na ZHANG Jue KOU Chunbao SUN Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces 工程科学学报 hydration films x-ray reflectivity atomic force microscopy mica calcite |
| title | Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces |
| title_full | Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces |
| title_short | Research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid–liquid interfaces |
| title_sort | research progress on the structure of hydration films at solid liquid interfaces |
| topic | hydration films x-ray reflectivity atomic force microscopy mica calcite |
| url | http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.12.04.001 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nazhang researchprogressonthestructureofhydrationfilmsatsolidliquidinterfaces AT juekou researchprogressonthestructureofhydrationfilmsatsolidliquidinterfaces AT chunbaosun researchprogressonthestructureofhydrationfilmsatsolidliquidinterfaces |