Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles

ABSTRACT Simpler, safer, and faster chemotherapeutic regimens for tuberculosis and other respiratory mycobacterial infections are an urgent need. Many current therapies suffer from suboptimal drug exposure and dose-limiting systemic adverse effects, challenges that could be addressed via controlled...

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Main Authors: Eleni Jaecklein, Kadamba Papavinasasundaram, Gary R. Ostroff, Christopher Sassetti, Ernesto R. Soto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-03-01
Series:Microbiology Spectrum
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02744-24
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author Eleni Jaecklein
Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
Gary R. Ostroff
Christopher Sassetti
Ernesto R. Soto
author_facet Eleni Jaecklein
Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
Gary R. Ostroff
Christopher Sassetti
Ernesto R. Soto
author_sort Eleni Jaecklein
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Simpler, safer, and faster chemotherapeutic regimens for tuberculosis and other respiratory mycobacterial infections are an urgent need. Many current therapies suffer from suboptimal drug exposure and dose-limiting systemic adverse effects, challenges that could be addressed via controlled delivery of drugs to the primary site of infection. We sought to address this need by designing a flexible formulation platform that targets drugs to the lung macrophages that concentrate at infectious foci. Our approach is based on an encapsulation strategy in which drugs or specifically designed prodrugs are captured in the hydrophobic core of a glucan-lipid particle (GLP). We show chemically diverse antimycobacterial drugs can be efficiently and stably encapsulated within GLP and that these microparticles can be engineered to release drugs upon low pH or reducing conditions that occur upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Encapsulated formulations of clofazimine, isoniazid, and linezolid retain activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in an ex vivo model, demonstrating efficient drug delivery and release. Intranasal administration of GLP-clofazimine to Mtb-infected mice effectively concentrates the drug in the lung and reduces bacterial burden, whereas GLP-delivered linezolid was systemically distributed and failed to inhibit bacterial growth in the lung. This work establishes GLPs as a promising platform for targeted antibiotic delivery to the lung and also illustrates pharmacokinetic parameters that must be considered in future development.IMPORTANCETuberculosis (TB) causes an estimated 10.8 million cases each year and remains one of the leading causes of infectious death. Effective treatment is complicated due to the lengthy drug regimen required to prevent relapse and treatment failure. A primary challenge is delivering drugs effectively to lung granulomas, where TB bacteria can persist. Here, we developed yeast-derived glucan lipid microparticles (GLPs) as a novel delivery system to efficiently encapsulate and deliver TB drugs directly to lung tissue via intranasal administration. Of the formulations evaluated, GLP-encapsulated clofazimine achieved increased lung drug levels and reduced bacterial burden in TB-infected mice. The use of GLPs offers a promising approach to improve TB treatment by enabling targeted drug delivery to infection sites within the lungs.
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spelling doaj-art-c95de8b690624b0f9a11a1b62d40ac2f2025-08-20T02:02:20ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-03-0113310.1128/spectrum.02744-24Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particlesEleni Jaecklein0Kadamba Papavinasasundaram1Gary R. Ostroff2Christopher Sassetti3Ernesto R. Soto4Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USADepartment of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USAProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USADepartment of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USAProgram in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USAABSTRACT Simpler, safer, and faster chemotherapeutic regimens for tuberculosis and other respiratory mycobacterial infections are an urgent need. Many current therapies suffer from suboptimal drug exposure and dose-limiting systemic adverse effects, challenges that could be addressed via controlled delivery of drugs to the primary site of infection. We sought to address this need by designing a flexible formulation platform that targets drugs to the lung macrophages that concentrate at infectious foci. Our approach is based on an encapsulation strategy in which drugs or specifically designed prodrugs are captured in the hydrophobic core of a glucan-lipid particle (GLP). We show chemically diverse antimycobacterial drugs can be efficiently and stably encapsulated within GLP and that these microparticles can be engineered to release drugs upon low pH or reducing conditions that occur upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Encapsulated formulations of clofazimine, isoniazid, and linezolid retain activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in an ex vivo model, demonstrating efficient drug delivery and release. Intranasal administration of GLP-clofazimine to Mtb-infected mice effectively concentrates the drug in the lung and reduces bacterial burden, whereas GLP-delivered linezolid was systemically distributed and failed to inhibit bacterial growth in the lung. This work establishes GLPs as a promising platform for targeted antibiotic delivery to the lung and also illustrates pharmacokinetic parameters that must be considered in future development.IMPORTANCETuberculosis (TB) causes an estimated 10.8 million cases each year and remains one of the leading causes of infectious death. Effective treatment is complicated due to the lengthy drug regimen required to prevent relapse and treatment failure. A primary challenge is delivering drugs effectively to lung granulomas, where TB bacteria can persist. Here, we developed yeast-derived glucan lipid microparticles (GLPs) as a novel delivery system to efficiently encapsulate and deliver TB drugs directly to lung tissue via intranasal administration. Of the formulations evaluated, GLP-encapsulated clofazimine achieved increased lung drug levels and reduced bacterial burden in TB-infected mice. The use of GLPs offers a promising approach to improve TB treatment by enabling targeted drug delivery to infection sites within the lungs.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02744-24glucan lipid particlestuberculosisdrug delivery
spellingShingle Eleni Jaecklein
Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
Gary R. Ostroff
Christopher Sassetti
Ernesto R. Soto
Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
Microbiology Spectrum
glucan lipid particles
tuberculosis
drug delivery
title Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
title_full Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
title_fullStr Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
title_full_unstemmed Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
title_short Targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
title_sort targeted delivery of antitubercular drugs using glucan lipid particles
topic glucan lipid particles
tuberculosis
drug delivery
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02744-24
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AT garyrostroff targeteddeliveryofantituberculardrugsusingglucanlipidparticles
AT christophersassetti targeteddeliveryofantituberculardrugsusingglucanlipidparticles
AT ernestorsoto targeteddeliveryofantituberculardrugsusingglucanlipidparticles