Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys

Introduction: Stretched penile length (SPL) is a vital anthropometric measurement for providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information. SPL variations can indicate congenital anomalies or systemic disorders and are influenced by genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors. Despite its cl...

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Main Authors: Prativa Choudhury, Shivani Phugat, Vivek Verma, Vishesh Jain, Devendra Kumar Yadav, Anjan Kumar Dhua, Sandeep Agarwala, Neeta Kumar, Prabudh Goel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_168_24
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author Prativa Choudhury
Shivani Phugat
Vivek Verma
Vishesh Jain
Devendra Kumar Yadav
Anjan Kumar Dhua
Sandeep Agarwala
Neeta Kumar
Prabudh Goel
author_facet Prativa Choudhury
Shivani Phugat
Vivek Verma
Vishesh Jain
Devendra Kumar Yadav
Anjan Kumar Dhua
Sandeep Agarwala
Neeta Kumar
Prabudh Goel
author_sort Prativa Choudhury
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Stretched penile length (SPL) is a vital anthropometric measurement for providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information. SPL variations can indicate congenital anomalies or systemic disorders and are influenced by genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors. Despite its clinical importance, comprehensive age-stratified reference data for SPL in Indian children are lacking. Objective: The objective is to systematically compile and analyse the existing data on SPL in Indian children providing reference values and centile curves in children to improve clinical assessment, diagnostic accuracy and healthcare outcomes. Materials and Methods: The evidence-synthesis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Data from six eligible studies (2,221 participants aged 28 weeks–16 years) representing different parts of the country were pooled to calculate the combined mean and standard deviation. Reference values and centile curves (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th) were generated using R software. Results: The data were collected using consistent methodologies across studies, though with minor differences in measurement techniques and age stratification. The SPL is shown to increase in a non-linear fashion with the age of the participant with distinct growth patterns during infancy, childhood, and puberty. Two “isomeric” nomograms were developed due to overlapping age groups in the data. Notable growth was observed at ages 1–4, slower growth from 4 to 10 years and a pubertal growth spurt was witnessed thereafter. Wide variability in SPL was observed between ages 5 and 9 years. Conclusions: The study provides new, population-specific reference standards and centile curves for SPL in Indian children, aiding in the clinical assessment and diagnosis of genital development disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-c95a3d2a5276462c98ceb5c9fd6db6f52025-08-20T03:09:00ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons0971-92611998-38912025-03-0130213013710.4103/jiaps.jiaps_168_24Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian BoysPrativa ChoudhuryShivani PhugatVivek VermaVishesh JainDevendra Kumar YadavAnjan Kumar DhuaSandeep AgarwalaNeeta KumarPrabudh GoelIntroduction: Stretched penile length (SPL) is a vital anthropometric measurement for providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information. SPL variations can indicate congenital anomalies or systemic disorders and are influenced by genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors. Despite its clinical importance, comprehensive age-stratified reference data for SPL in Indian children are lacking. Objective: The objective is to systematically compile and analyse the existing data on SPL in Indian children providing reference values and centile curves in children to improve clinical assessment, diagnostic accuracy and healthcare outcomes. Materials and Methods: The evidence-synthesis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Data from six eligible studies (2,221 participants aged 28 weeks–16 years) representing different parts of the country were pooled to calculate the combined mean and standard deviation. Reference values and centile curves (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th) were generated using R software. Results: The data were collected using consistent methodologies across studies, though with minor differences in measurement techniques and age stratification. The SPL is shown to increase in a non-linear fashion with the age of the participant with distinct growth patterns during infancy, childhood, and puberty. Two “isomeric” nomograms were developed due to overlapping age groups in the data. Notable growth was observed at ages 1–4, slower growth from 4 to 10 years and a pubertal growth spurt was witnessed thereafter. Wide variability in SPL was observed between ages 5 and 9 years. Conclusions: The study provides new, population-specific reference standards and centile curves for SPL in Indian children, aiding in the clinical assessment and diagnosis of genital development disorders.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_168_24centile curveshypospadiaspenile anthropometrystretched penile length
spellingShingle Prativa Choudhury
Shivani Phugat
Vivek Verma
Vishesh Jain
Devendra Kumar Yadav
Anjan Kumar Dhua
Sandeep Agarwala
Neeta Kumar
Prabudh Goel
Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
centile curves
hypospadias
penile anthropometry
stretched penile length
title Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
title_full Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
title_fullStr Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
title_full_unstemmed Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
title_short Reference Standards for Stretched Penile Length in Indian Boys
title_sort reference standards for stretched penile length in indian boys
topic centile curves
hypospadias
penile anthropometry
stretched penile length
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_168_24
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