Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study

Background: Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among children have been identified in many developed countries but not yet in some developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children.  Methods: T...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader, Sanjana Zaman, Moshiur Rahman, Mohammad NM Khan, Aazia Hossain, Gias U Ahsan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Milano University Press 2020-01-01
Series:Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health
Online Access:https://ebph.it/article/view/13186
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author Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
Sanjana Zaman
Moshiur Rahman
Mohammad NM Khan
Aazia Hossain
Gias U Ahsan
author_facet Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
Sanjana Zaman
Moshiur Rahman
Mohammad NM Khan
Aazia Hossain
Gias U Ahsan
author_sort Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
collection DOAJ
description Background: Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among children have been identified in many developed countries but not yet in some developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children.  Methods: This case-control study was conducted at 2 paediatric hospitals in Dhaka city from January to June 2017. We recruited 198 vitamin D deficient cases and 198 apparently healthy controls. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, where quantitative variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The association between vitamin D deficiency with different lifestyle and dietary factors were analyzed by using Chi-square test. A 2-tailed p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the association.  Results: The study revealed that not playing outdoor games (OR=3.09; 95% CI 1.46, 6.54), playing video/ TV/mobile games (OR=4.14; 95% CI 1.97-8.67), no sun exposure (OR=2.42; 95% CI 1.25-4.67), no milk consumption (OR=3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.57), no sea fish consumption (OR=2.20; 95% CI 1.19-4.08) and not exclusively breastfeeding (OR=2.03; 95% CI 1.14-3.63) were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.  Conclusion: We concluded that improper lifestyles and nutritional habits are the key determinants of Vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children. Strategy for hypovitaminosis D prevention should be implemented immediately, which includes vitamin D supplementation of breastfed infants and ensuring adequate maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy. Also an awareness program should be initiated to promote a healthy lifestyle and to improve nutritional habits.
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spelling doaj-art-c94b1da1052e4557a39b729683d8cd302025-08-20T03:06:14ZengMilano University PressEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health2282-09302020-01-0116410.2427/1318611232Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control studyMohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader0Sanjana Zaman1Moshiur Rahman2Mohammad NM Khan3Aazia Hossain4Gias U Ahsan5Department of Public Health, North South University (NSU), Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Public Health, North South University (NSU), Dhaka, BangladeshGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanMount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USASchool of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, BangladeshBackground: Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among children have been identified in many developed countries but not yet in some developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children.  Methods: This case-control study was conducted at 2 paediatric hospitals in Dhaka city from January to June 2017. We recruited 198 vitamin D deficient cases and 198 apparently healthy controls. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, where quantitative variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The association between vitamin D deficiency with different lifestyle and dietary factors were analyzed by using Chi-square test. A 2-tailed p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the association.  Results: The study revealed that not playing outdoor games (OR=3.09; 95% CI 1.46, 6.54), playing video/ TV/mobile games (OR=4.14; 95% CI 1.97-8.67), no sun exposure (OR=2.42; 95% CI 1.25-4.67), no milk consumption (OR=3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.57), no sea fish consumption (OR=2.20; 95% CI 1.19-4.08) and not exclusively breastfeeding (OR=2.03; 95% CI 1.14-3.63) were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.  Conclusion: We concluded that improper lifestyles and nutritional habits are the key determinants of Vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children. Strategy for hypovitaminosis D prevention should be implemented immediately, which includes vitamin D supplementation of breastfed infants and ensuring adequate maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy. Also an awareness program should be initiated to promote a healthy lifestyle and to improve nutritional habits.https://ebph.it/article/view/13186
spellingShingle Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
Sanjana Zaman
Moshiur Rahman
Mohammad NM Khan
Aazia Hossain
Gias U Ahsan
Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health
title Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
title_full Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
title_fullStr Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
title_short Determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Bangladeshi children: A hospital based case-control study
title_sort determinants of vitamin d deficiency among bangladeshi children a hospital based case control study
url https://ebph.it/article/view/13186
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