Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows

Abstract Background Synchronized parturition is essential for optimizing batch production and implementing effective "all-in/all-out" management strategies. However, the efficacy of exogenous hormones in regulating parturition and the potential adverse effects of parturition induction have...

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Main Authors: Hongmei Gao, Miaolian Peng, Rongzhi Zhong, Zhenhua Xue, Zhenqiang Liu, Shiqiao Weng, Longchao Zhang, Dong Wang, Yan Liu, Jianhui Tian, Lixian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Porcine Health Management
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00436-7
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author Hongmei Gao
Miaolian Peng
Rongzhi Zhong
Zhenhua Xue
Zhenqiang Liu
Shiqiao Weng
Longchao Zhang
Dong Wang
Yan Liu
Jianhui Tian
Lixian Wang
author_facet Hongmei Gao
Miaolian Peng
Rongzhi Zhong
Zhenhua Xue
Zhenqiang Liu
Shiqiao Weng
Longchao Zhang
Dong Wang
Yan Liu
Jianhui Tian
Lixian Wang
author_sort Hongmei Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Synchronized parturition is essential for optimizing batch production and implementing effective "all-in/all-out" management strategies. However, the efficacy of exogenous hormones in regulating parturition and the potential adverse effects of parturition induction have remained inconsistent. This study investigates the impact of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on farrowing performance in sows, aiming to establish an optimal induction protocol. Results Initially, based on a dataset comprising 3,657 gestation records of large white sows, we calculated the average gestation length for the herd to be 114 days, and the induction time was set at 113 days of gestation. Subsequently, parturition was induced in 546 primiparous sows and 339 multiparous sows, respectively. The experiment consisted of three groups: (1) CON group (control), (2) PG group (cloprostenol sodium), and (3) PGCAR group (combination of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin). In primiparous sows, compared to the control group, the PG group exhibited farrowing rates of 23.5% on day 113 and 71.8% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a higher farrowing rate of 78.1% on day 114. Importantly, the working hours farrowing rate for the PGCAR group was 90.3%, with 64.6% of sows farrowing within five hours after carbetocin administration. Additionally, both the PG and PGCAR groups showed a significant reduction in farrowing duration, birth interval, and stillbirth rate compared to the control group. Similar trends were observed in multiparous sows. In the PG group, farrowing rates were 25.0% on day 113 and 66.7% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a farrowing rate of 76.2% on day 114. Specifically, within the PGCAR group, 87.7% of farrowing events occurred during working hours, and 68.0% of farrowing events occurred within five hours following carbetocin administration. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the PGCAR group of multiparous sows exhibited a significant reduction in both farrowing duration and birth intervals. Furthermore, our analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in colostrum composition and milk bioactive components across the CON, PG, and PGCAR groups. Conclusions The combined administration of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin effectively induces parturition in large white sows, accelerating the parturition process without adverse effects on either the sows or the piglets. However, 5–22% of the sows in this study exhibited spontaneous farrowing prior to hormone-induced parturition. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and address instances where sows initiate farrowing prematurely before induction.
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spelling doaj-art-c9413b021e2d465bb84935792fea22e22025-08-20T03:18:53ZengBMCPorcine Health Management2055-56602025-04-0111111310.1186/s40813-025-00436-7Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sowsHongmei Gao0Miaolian Peng1Rongzhi Zhong2Zhenhua Xue3Zhenqiang Liu4Shiqiao Weng5Longchao Zhang6Dong Wang7Yan Liu8Jianhui Tian9Lixian Wang10Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co. Ltd., Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd.Guangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co. Ltd., Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd.The Municipal Animal Husbandry General Station of BeijingNingbo Sansheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd.Ningbo Sansheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd.Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Synchronized parturition is essential for optimizing batch production and implementing effective "all-in/all-out" management strategies. However, the efficacy of exogenous hormones in regulating parturition and the potential adverse effects of parturition induction have remained inconsistent. This study investigates the impact of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on farrowing performance in sows, aiming to establish an optimal induction protocol. Results Initially, based on a dataset comprising 3,657 gestation records of large white sows, we calculated the average gestation length for the herd to be 114 days, and the induction time was set at 113 days of gestation. Subsequently, parturition was induced in 546 primiparous sows and 339 multiparous sows, respectively. The experiment consisted of three groups: (1) CON group (control), (2) PG group (cloprostenol sodium), and (3) PGCAR group (combination of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin). In primiparous sows, compared to the control group, the PG group exhibited farrowing rates of 23.5% on day 113 and 71.8% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a higher farrowing rate of 78.1% on day 114. Importantly, the working hours farrowing rate for the PGCAR group was 90.3%, with 64.6% of sows farrowing within five hours after carbetocin administration. Additionally, both the PG and PGCAR groups showed a significant reduction in farrowing duration, birth interval, and stillbirth rate compared to the control group. Similar trends were observed in multiparous sows. In the PG group, farrowing rates were 25.0% on day 113 and 66.7% on day 114. Notably, the PGCAR group demonstrated a farrowing rate of 76.2% on day 114. Specifically, within the PGCAR group, 87.7% of farrowing events occurred during working hours, and 68.0% of farrowing events occurred within five hours following carbetocin administration. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the PGCAR group of multiparous sows exhibited a significant reduction in both farrowing duration and birth intervals. Furthermore, our analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in colostrum composition and milk bioactive components across the CON, PG, and PGCAR groups. Conclusions The combined administration of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin effectively induces parturition in large white sows, accelerating the parturition process without adverse effects on either the sows or the piglets. However, 5–22% of the sows in this study exhibited spontaneous farrowing prior to hormone-induced parturition. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and address instances where sows initiate farrowing prematurely before induction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00436-7Cloprostenol sodiumCarbetocinLarge white sowsFarrowing inductionColostrum
spellingShingle Hongmei Gao
Miaolian Peng
Rongzhi Zhong
Zhenhua Xue
Zhenqiang Liu
Shiqiao Weng
Longchao Zhang
Dong Wang
Yan Liu
Jianhui Tian
Lixian Wang
Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
Porcine Health Management
Cloprostenol sodium
Carbetocin
Large white sows
Farrowing induction
Colostrum
title Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
title_full Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
title_fullStr Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
title_full_unstemmed Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
title_short Effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
title_sort effects of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on synchronous parturition and colostrum composition in large white sows
topic Cloprostenol sodium
Carbetocin
Large white sows
Farrowing induction
Colostrum
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-025-00436-7
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