Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Background: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a standardized approach for assessing the nutritional status of patients and demonstrate strong predictive value for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, these criteria do not incorporate indicato...

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Main Authors: Xuan Zhou, Kailai Yin, Huanhuan Hong, Heqing Yi, Linfa Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Current Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/363
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author Xuan Zhou
Kailai Yin
Huanhuan Hong
Heqing Yi
Linfa Li
author_facet Xuan Zhou
Kailai Yin
Huanhuan Hong
Heqing Yi
Linfa Li
author_sort Xuan Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Background: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a standardized approach for assessing the nutritional status of patients and demonstrate strong predictive value for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, these criteria do not incorporate indicators of adipose tissue metabolic activity, which may reflect pro-tumor microenvironmental factors. This study investigated the combined predictive value of malnutrition, defined by the GLIM criteria, and preoperative adipose tissue <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) uptake for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with gastric cancer following radical surgery. Methods: A total of 105 patients were retrospectively enrolled and classified into malnourished and non-malnourished groups based on the GLIM criteria. Preoperative <sup>18</sup>F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT) was used to measure the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The predictive values of these indicators for RFS in patients with gastric cancer were assessed. Results: Multivariate survival analysis was used to identify GLIM-defined malnutrition (<i>p</i> = 0.020) and increased preoperative VAT SUVmean (<i>p</i> = 0.042) as independent risk factors for RFS. The combined analysis revealed that patients with both malnutrition and a high preoperative VAT SUVmean had the poorest RFS (HR = 18.41, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The predictive model integrating GLIM criteria and VAT SUVmean outperformed the GLIM criteria alone. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that combining malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria with preoperative visceral adipose tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake optimizes recurrence risk stratification and exhibits superior prognostic predictive efficacy compared to using the GLIM criteria alone. This approach provides new insights into individualized prognostic assessment and intervention strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-c9406718e5fa40d398f2338e8a8948572025-08-20T03:24:34ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292025-06-0132636310.3390/curroncol32060363Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric CancerXuan Zhou0Kailai Yin1Huanhuan Hong2Heqing Yi3Linfa Li4Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, ChinaPostgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, ChinaPostgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, ChinaBackground: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a standardized approach for assessing the nutritional status of patients and demonstrate strong predictive value for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, these criteria do not incorporate indicators of adipose tissue metabolic activity, which may reflect pro-tumor microenvironmental factors. This study investigated the combined predictive value of malnutrition, defined by the GLIM criteria, and preoperative adipose tissue <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) uptake for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with gastric cancer following radical surgery. Methods: A total of 105 patients were retrospectively enrolled and classified into malnourished and non-malnourished groups based on the GLIM criteria. Preoperative <sup>18</sup>F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT) was used to measure the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The predictive values of these indicators for RFS in patients with gastric cancer were assessed. Results: Multivariate survival analysis was used to identify GLIM-defined malnutrition (<i>p</i> = 0.020) and increased preoperative VAT SUVmean (<i>p</i> = 0.042) as independent risk factors for RFS. The combined analysis revealed that patients with both malnutrition and a high preoperative VAT SUVmean had the poorest RFS (HR = 18.41, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The predictive model integrating GLIM criteria and VAT SUVmean outperformed the GLIM criteria alone. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that combining malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria with preoperative visceral adipose tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake optimizes recurrence risk stratification and exhibits superior prognostic predictive efficacy compared to using the GLIM criteria alone. This approach provides new insights into individualized prognostic assessment and intervention strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/363gastric cancerGLIM criteriamalnutrition<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CTadipose tissueprognosis
spellingShingle Xuan Zhou
Kailai Yin
Huanhuan Hong
Heqing Yi
Linfa Li
Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Current Oncology
gastric cancer
GLIM criteria
malnutrition
<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT
adipose tissue
prognosis
title Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
title_full Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
title_fullStr Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
title_short Combined Predictive Value of GLIM-Defined Malnutrition and Preoperative Adipose Tissue <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake for Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
title_sort combined predictive value of glim defined malnutrition and preoperative adipose tissue sup 18 sup f fdg uptake for recurrence free survival after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
topic gastric cancer
GLIM criteria
malnutrition
<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT
adipose tissue
prognosis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/363
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