Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

This work presents a design approach of multi-segment directional couplers with ultra-broadband flat spectra and benign fabrication tolerance on the silicon nitride platform. Using particle swarm optimization, we optimize design parameters of multiple coupling regions and asymmetric decoupling regio...

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Main Authors: Lemeng Leng, Minfeng Jin, Zhongzhi Lin, Chenbin Zhang, Ding Ding, Wei Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9216547/
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author Lemeng Leng
Minfeng Jin
Zhongzhi Lin
Chenbin Zhang
Ding Ding
Wei Jiang
author_facet Lemeng Leng
Minfeng Jin
Zhongzhi Lin
Chenbin Zhang
Ding Ding
Wei Jiang
author_sort Lemeng Leng
collection DOAJ
description This work presents a design approach of multi-segment directional couplers with ultra-broadband flat spectra and benign fabrication tolerance on the silicon nitride platform. Using particle swarm optimization, we optimize design parameters of multiple coupling regions and asymmetric decoupling regions in the multi-segment couplers, and synthesize optimized structures for the intended power splitting ratio over optical telecommunication O, S, E, and C bands. To efficiently model the device with many structural parameters, each part of the fundamental structure is separately modelled by the most efficient method, including effective index method, coupled mode theory, and transfer matrix method to construct the high-dimensional design space. By choosing a proper evaluation function, the optimized couplers achieve flat spectra with less than ±2% fluctuation over ∼300 nm spectrum for 50%/50%,30%/70% and 10%/90% splitting ratios, which is well verified by 3D FDTD. We also discuss performance degradation caused by fabrication variations and offer a general strategy to enhance fabrication tolerance for the broadband optical couplers with asymmetric decoupling regions.
format Article
id doaj-art-c93144dde8064110afc01c848920a34d
institution Kabale University
issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2020-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-c93144dde8064110afc01c848920a34d2025-08-20T03:32:57ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552020-01-0112511210.1109/JPHOT.2020.30290599216547Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization AlgorithmLemeng Leng0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6301Minfeng Jin1Zhongzhi Lin2Chenbin Zhang3Ding Ding4Wei Jiang5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-4465College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaThis work presents a design approach of multi-segment directional couplers with ultra-broadband flat spectra and benign fabrication tolerance on the silicon nitride platform. Using particle swarm optimization, we optimize design parameters of multiple coupling regions and asymmetric decoupling regions in the multi-segment couplers, and synthesize optimized structures for the intended power splitting ratio over optical telecommunication O, S, E, and C bands. To efficiently model the device with many structural parameters, each part of the fundamental structure is separately modelled by the most efficient method, including effective index method, coupled mode theory, and transfer matrix method to construct the high-dimensional design space. By choosing a proper evaluation function, the optimized couplers achieve flat spectra with less than ±2% fluctuation over ∼300 nm spectrum for 50%/50%,30%/70% and 10%/90% splitting ratios, which is well verified by 3D FDTD. We also discuss performance degradation caused by fabrication variations and offer a general strategy to enhance fabrication tolerance for the broadband optical couplers with asymmetric decoupling regions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9216547/BroadbandSilicon nitridePower splitterDirectional couplers
spellingShingle Lemeng Leng
Minfeng Jin
Zhongzhi Lin
Chenbin Zhang
Ding Ding
Wei Jiang
Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
IEEE Photonics Journal
Broadband
Silicon nitride
Power splitter
Directional couplers
title Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
title_full Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
title_fullStr Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
title_short Ultra-Broadband, Fabrication Tolerant Optical Coupler for Arbitrary Splitting Ratio Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
title_sort ultra broadband fabrication tolerant optical coupler for arbitrary splitting ratio using particle swarm optimization algorithm
topic Broadband
Silicon nitride
Power splitter
Directional couplers
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9216547/
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AT minfengjin ultrabroadbandfabricationtolerantopticalcouplerforarbitrarysplittingratiousingparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm
AT zhongzhilin ultrabroadbandfabricationtolerantopticalcouplerforarbitrarysplittingratiousingparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm
AT chenbinzhang ultrabroadbandfabricationtolerantopticalcouplerforarbitrarysplittingratiousingparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm
AT dingding ultrabroadbandfabricationtolerantopticalcouplerforarbitrarysplittingratiousingparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm
AT weijiang ultrabroadbandfabricationtolerantopticalcouplerforarbitrarysplittingratiousingparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm