Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago

This paper considers whether vowel systems are organized not only around principles of auditory-acoustic dispersion, but also around non-auditory perceptual factors, specifically vision. Three experiments examine variability in the production and perception of the cot-caught contrast among speakers...

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Main Author: Jonathan Havenhill
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Open Library of Humanities 2024-12-01
Series:Laboratory Phonology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.journal-labphon.org/article/id/11002/
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author Jonathan Havenhill
author_facet Jonathan Havenhill
author_sort Jonathan Havenhill
collection DOAJ
description This paper considers whether vowel systems are organized not only around principles of auditory-acoustic dispersion, but also around non-auditory perceptual factors, specifically vision. Three experiments examine variability in the production and perception of the cot-caught contrast among speakers from Chicago, where /ɑ/ (cot) and /ɔ/ (caught) have been influenced by the spread and reversal of the Northern Cities Shift. Dynamic acoustic and articulatory analysis shows that acoustic strength of the contrast is greatest for speakers with NCS-fronted cot, which is distinguished from caught by both tongue position and lip rounding. In hyperarticulated speech, and among younger speakers whose cot-caught contrast is acoustically weak due to retraction of cot, cot and caught tend to be distinguished through lip rounding alone. An audiovisual perception experiment demonstrates that visible lip gestures enhance perceptibility of the cot-caught contrast, such that visibly round variants of caught are perceptually more robust than unround variants. It is argued that articulatory strategies which are both auditorily and visually distinct may be preferred to those that are distinct in the auditory domain alone. Implications are considered for theories of hyperarticulation/clear speech, sound change, and the advancement of low back vowel merger in North American English.
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spelling doaj-art-c92f5bc916da4e3ca15bdb2849351f642025-08-20T03:49:35ZengOpen Library of HumanitiesLaboratory Phonology1868-63542024-12-0115110.16995/labphon.11002Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in ChicagoJonathan Havenhill0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-8371Department of Linguistics, University of Hong KongThis paper considers whether vowel systems are organized not only around principles of auditory-acoustic dispersion, but also around non-auditory perceptual factors, specifically vision. Three experiments examine variability in the production and perception of the cot-caught contrast among speakers from Chicago, where /ɑ/ (cot) and /ɔ/ (caught) have been influenced by the spread and reversal of the Northern Cities Shift. Dynamic acoustic and articulatory analysis shows that acoustic strength of the contrast is greatest for speakers with NCS-fronted cot, which is distinguished from caught by both tongue position and lip rounding. In hyperarticulated speech, and among younger speakers whose cot-caught contrast is acoustically weak due to retraction of cot, cot and caught tend to be distinguished through lip rounding alone. An audiovisual perception experiment demonstrates that visible lip gestures enhance perceptibility of the cot-caught contrast, such that visibly round variants of caught are perceptually more robust than unround variants. It is argued that articulatory strategies which are both auditorily and visually distinct may be preferred to those that are distinct in the auditory domain alone. Implications are considered for theories of hyperarticulation/clear speech, sound change, and the advancement of low back vowel merger in North American English.https://www.journal-labphon.org/article/id/11002/ultrasound tongue imagingaudiovisual perceptionsound changeclear speechperceptual enhancement
spellingShingle Jonathan Havenhill
Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
Laboratory Phonology
ultrasound tongue imaging
audiovisual perception
sound change
clear speech
perceptual enhancement
title Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
title_full Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
title_fullStr Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
title_full_unstemmed Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
title_short Audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast: Production and perception of the cot-caught contrast in Chicago
title_sort audiovisual enhancement of vowel contrast production and perception of the cot caught contrast in chicago
topic ultrasound tongue imaging
audiovisual perception
sound change
clear speech
perceptual enhancement
url https://www.journal-labphon.org/article/id/11002/
work_keys_str_mv AT jonathanhavenhill audiovisualenhancementofvowelcontrastproductionandperceptionofthecotcaughtcontrastinchicago