The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom

Abstract Air pollution is associated with health in childhood. However, there is limited evidence on sensitive periods during the first 18 years of life. Data were drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large and nationally representative cohort born in 2000/2002. Self-reported general health was...

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Main Authors: Gergő Baranyi, Katie Harron, Youchen Shen, Kees de Hoogh, Emla Fitzsimons
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94107-w
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author Gergő Baranyi
Katie Harron
Youchen Shen
Kees de Hoogh
Emla Fitzsimons
author_facet Gergő Baranyi
Katie Harron
Youchen Shen
Kees de Hoogh
Emla Fitzsimons
author_sort Gergő Baranyi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Air pollution is associated with health in childhood. However, there is limited evidence on sensitive periods during the first 18 years of life. Data were drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large and nationally representative cohort born in 2000/2002. Self-reported general health was assessed at age 17; number of hospital records were derived from linked health data (Hospital Episode Statistics) for consented participants. Residential history was linked to 25 × 25 m grid resolution annual PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 maps between 2000 and 2019; year-specific air pollution exposure in 200-m buffers around postcode centroids were computed. After adjusting for individual and time-variant area-level confounders, children exposed to higher air pollution in early (2–4 y) (n = 9137; PM2.5: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11; PM10: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09; NO2: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and middle childhood (5–7) (n = 9171; PM2.5: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07; PM10: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) reported worse general health at age 17. Higher PM2.5 and NO2 exposure in adolescence increased the number of hospital episodes in young adulthood. Individuals from non-White and disadvantaged backgrounds were exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Air pollution in early and middle childhood might contribute to worse general health, with ethnic minority and disadvantaged children being more exposed.
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spelling doaj-art-c92ed6ccb8cf4ccda22d68d20107fc9c2025-08-20T01:51:36ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-94107-wThe relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United KingdomGergő Baranyi0Katie Harron1Youchen Shen2Kees de Hoogh3Emla Fitzsimons4Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College LondonPopulation, Policy and Practice Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College LondonInstitute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht UniversitySwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteCentre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College LondonAbstract Air pollution is associated with health in childhood. However, there is limited evidence on sensitive periods during the first 18 years of life. Data were drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large and nationally representative cohort born in 2000/2002. Self-reported general health was assessed at age 17; number of hospital records were derived from linked health data (Hospital Episode Statistics) for consented participants. Residential history was linked to 25 × 25 m grid resolution annual PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 maps between 2000 and 2019; year-specific air pollution exposure in 200-m buffers around postcode centroids were computed. After adjusting for individual and time-variant area-level confounders, children exposed to higher air pollution in early (2–4 y) (n = 9137; PM2.5: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11; PM10: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09; NO2: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and middle childhood (5–7) (n = 9171; PM2.5: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07; PM10: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) reported worse general health at age 17. Higher PM2.5 and NO2 exposure in adolescence increased the number of hospital episodes in young adulthood. Individuals from non-White and disadvantaged backgrounds were exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Air pollution in early and middle childhood might contribute to worse general health, with ethnic minority and disadvantaged children being more exposed.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94107-wAir pollutionFine particleGeneral healthLife courseEnvironmental inequalityBirth cohort
spellingShingle Gergő Baranyi
Katie Harron
Youchen Shen
Kees de Hoogh
Emla Fitzsimons
The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
Scientific Reports
Air pollution
Fine particle
General health
Life course
Environmental inequality
Birth cohort
title The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
title_full The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
title_fullStr The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
title_short The relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the United Kingdom
title_sort relationship between early life course air pollution exposure and general health in adolescence in the united kingdom
topic Air pollution
Fine particle
General health
Life course
Environmental inequality
Birth cohort
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94107-w
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