Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection
Babesiosis is a significant vector-borne zoonotic disease with major global economic and health implications, affecting various vertebrate hosts. Babesia parasites are auxotrophic for essential nutrients, relying on their hosts for metabolic support. This study investigated salivary metabolomic chan...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Josipa Kuleš Ivana Rubić Dina Rešetar Maslov Maša Efendić Krešimir Martinković Elizabeta Pongrac Iva Šmit Dalibor Potočnjak Renata Barić Rafaj Vladimir Mrljak |
| author_facet | Josipa Kuleš Ivana Rubić Dina Rešetar Maslov Maša Efendić Krešimir Martinković Elizabeta Pongrac Iva Šmit Dalibor Potočnjak Renata Barić Rafaj Vladimir Mrljak |
| author_sort | Josipa Kuleš |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Babesiosis is a significant vector-borne zoonotic disease with major global economic and health implications, affecting various vertebrate hosts. Babesia parasites are auxotrophic for essential nutrients, relying on their hosts for metabolic support. This study investigated salivary metabolomic changes in dogs naturally infected with <i>Babesia canis</i> (N = 14) compared to healthy controls (N = 14) using untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based approaches. Saliva, a biofluid rich in metabolites, undergoes alterations in response to systemic diseases, making it a promising medium for studying host–pathogen interactions. Metabolomic profiling was performed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system coupled with a Thermo Orbitrap Q Exactive mass spectrometer. An untargeted analysis detected 2257 salivary features, of which, 868 were significantly altered, with seven metabolites identified by reference to standards. A targeted analysis revealed significant changes in seven metabolites. Functional bioinformatics indicated disruptions in amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism, alongside alterations in energy production pathways, and purine metabolism. These findings provide critical insights into the metabolic shifts underlying canine babesiosis, supporting the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the future. This study highlights the intricate interplay between host and pathogen, particularly in nutrient acquisition and metabolic regulation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c928863cf09d45fbb9a03e176e9d6673 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-c928863cf09d45fbb9a03e176e9d66732025-08-20T02:24:42ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-04-0115452010.3390/biom15040520Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> InfectionJosipa Kuleš0Ivana Rubić1Dina Rešetar Maslov2Maša Efendić3Krešimir Martinković4Elizabeta Pongrac5Iva Šmit6Dalibor Potočnjak7Renata Barić Rafaj8Vladimir Mrljak9Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaBabesiosis is a significant vector-borne zoonotic disease with major global economic and health implications, affecting various vertebrate hosts. Babesia parasites are auxotrophic for essential nutrients, relying on their hosts for metabolic support. This study investigated salivary metabolomic changes in dogs naturally infected with <i>Babesia canis</i> (N = 14) compared to healthy controls (N = 14) using untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based approaches. Saliva, a biofluid rich in metabolites, undergoes alterations in response to systemic diseases, making it a promising medium for studying host–pathogen interactions. Metabolomic profiling was performed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system coupled with a Thermo Orbitrap Q Exactive mass spectrometer. An untargeted analysis detected 2257 salivary features, of which, 868 were significantly altered, with seven metabolites identified by reference to standards. A targeted analysis revealed significant changes in seven metabolites. Functional bioinformatics indicated disruptions in amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism, alongside alterations in energy production pathways, and purine metabolism. These findings provide critical insights into the metabolic shifts underlying canine babesiosis, supporting the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the future. This study highlights the intricate interplay between host and pathogen, particularly in nutrient acquisition and metabolic regulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/520vector-borne diseasessaliva metabolomedog |
| spellingShingle | Josipa Kuleš Ivana Rubić Dina Rešetar Maslov Maša Efendić Krešimir Martinković Elizabeta Pongrac Iva Šmit Dalibor Potočnjak Renata Barić Rafaj Vladimir Mrljak Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection Biomolecules vector-borne diseases saliva metabolome dog |
| title | Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection |
| title_full | Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection |
| title_short | Metabolomics Insights into Salivary Profile in Dogs with <i>Babesia canis</i> Infection |
| title_sort | metabolomics insights into salivary profile in dogs with i babesia canis i infection |
| topic | vector-borne diseases saliva metabolome dog |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/520 |
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