A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

Ratoon rice, which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop, plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs. However, accurately identifying ratoon rice...

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Main Authors: Yunping Chen, Jie Hu, Zhiwen Cai, Jingya Yang, Wei Zhou, Qiong Hu, Cong Wang, Liangzhi You, Baodong Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2024-04-01
Series:Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923001600
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author Yunping Chen
Jie Hu
Zhiwen Cai
Jingya Yang
Wei Zhou
Qiong Hu
Cong Wang
Liangzhi You
Baodong Xu
author_facet Yunping Chen
Jie Hu
Zhiwen Cai
Jingya Yang
Wei Zhou
Qiong Hu
Cong Wang
Liangzhi You
Baodong Xu
author_sort Yunping Chen
collection DOAJ
description Ratoon rice, which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop, plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs. However, accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems (e.g., double rice). Moreover, images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather. In this study, taking Qichun County in Hubei Province, China as an example, we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index (PRVI) for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) images. The PRVI that incorporated the red, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection. Based on actual field samples, the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI). The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice, leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types. Furthermore, the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop (GHS-TS2), indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map. Finally, the PRVI performed better than NDVI, EVI, LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages, with producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages, which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.
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publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
series Journal of Integrative Agriculture
spelling doaj-art-c913201f011247e1bd98ee56e944d18a2025-08-20T03:57:43ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Journal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192024-04-012341164117810.1016/j.jia.2023.05.035A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 dataYunping Chen0Jie Hu1Zhiwen Cai2Jingya Yang3Wei Zhou4Qiong Hu5Cong Wang6Liangzhi You7Baodong Xu8Macro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMacro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaKey Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaMacro Agriculture Research Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; International Food Policy Research Institute, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USACollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Correspondence Baodong XuRatoon rice, which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop, plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs. However, accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems (e.g., double rice). Moreover, images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather. In this study, taking Qichun County in Hubei Province, China as an example, we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index (PRVI) for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) images. The PRVI that incorporated the red, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection. Based on actual field samples, the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI). The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice, leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types. Furthermore, the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop (GHS-TS2), indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map. Finally, the PRVI performed better than NDVI, EVI, LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages, with producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages, which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923001600ratoon ricephenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index (PRVI)phenological phasefeature selectionHarmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data
spellingShingle Yunping Chen
Jie Hu
Zhiwen Cai
Jingya Yang
Wei Zhou
Qiong Hu
Cong Wang
Liangzhi You
Baodong Xu
A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
Journal of Integrative Agriculture
ratoon rice
phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index (PRVI)
phenological phase
feature selection
Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data
title A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
title_full A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
title_fullStr A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
title_full_unstemmed A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
title_short A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data
title_sort phenology based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized landsat and sentinel 2 data
topic ratoon rice
phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index (PRVI)
phenological phase
feature selection
Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923001600
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