Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells

This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of 70% ethanol extracts from six medicinal plants (<i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Cassia tora</i>, <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i>, <i>Dioscorea polystachya</i>, <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, <i>S...

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Main Authors: Soo-Ji Woo, So-Sun Kim, Eun-Ji Jeon, Dong-Sung Lee, Na-Young Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/7/313
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author Soo-Ji Woo
So-Sun Kim
Eun-Ji Jeon
Dong-Sung Lee
Na-Young Kim
author_facet Soo-Ji Woo
So-Sun Kim
Eun-Ji Jeon
Dong-Sung Lee
Na-Young Kim
author_sort Soo-Ji Woo
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of 70% ethanol extracts from six medicinal plants (<i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Cassia tora</i>, <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i>, <i>Dioscorea polystachya</i>, <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, <i>Solidago virgaurea</i> subsp. <i>gigantea</i>) through their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities, targeting applications in aquaculture. All extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity (MIC ≤ 10 μg/mL) against <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. and <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i>, but limited efficacy against <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i>. <i>C. tricuspidata</i> (CTR) and <i>C. tora</i> (CTO) demonstrated superior antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1292 μg/mL and IC<sub>50</sub> = 227 μg/mL, respectively), correlating with high polyphenol content (1498 and 1409 mg GAE/g). CTR displayed significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 904.2 μg/mL), while <i>C. album</i> (CA) promoted cell proliferation (132.3% viability). In LPS-stimulated CHSE-214 cells, <i>D. polystachya</i> (DP) induced the highest <i>IL-8</i> expression (207-fold), followed by <i>Chenopodium album</i> (CA) (194-fold <i>IL-8</i>, 49-fold <i>TNF-α</i>) and CTR (245-fold <i>RIPK2</i>), activating NF-κB, MAPK, and NOD-like receptor pathways critical for teleost immunity. <i>Lonicera japonica</i> (LJ) suppressed <i>TNF-α</i> (0.4-fold) and <i>IRF1</i> (0.3-fold), indicating anti-inflammatory potential, while <i>S. virgaurea</i> subsp. <i>gigantea</i> (SV) showed biphasic <i>TNF-α</i> modulation (79-fold at 10 μg/mL, 5-fold at 100 μg/mL). These diverse bioactivities, particularly the robust immunomodulatory effects, highlight the promise of these extracts as natural therapeutic agents for fish health management in aquaculture.
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spelling doaj-art-c9114f01ad4c46ffa4e1302be564e0072025-08-20T03:58:27ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-07-0110731310.3390/fishes10070313Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 CellsSoo-Ji Woo0So-Sun Kim1Eun-Ji Jeon2Dong-Sung Lee3Na-Young Kim4Aquaculture Industry Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung 25435, Republic of KoreaAquaculture Industry Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung 25435, Republic of KoreaPathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaAquaculture Industry Research Division, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Yeosu 59780, Republic of KoreaThis study evaluated the therapeutic potential of 70% ethanol extracts from six medicinal plants (<i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Cassia tora</i>, <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i>, <i>Dioscorea polystachya</i>, <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, <i>Solidago virgaurea</i> subsp. <i>gigantea</i>) through their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities, targeting applications in aquaculture. All extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity (MIC ≤ 10 μg/mL) against <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. and <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>damselae</i>, but limited efficacy against <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i>. <i>C. tricuspidata</i> (CTR) and <i>C. tora</i> (CTO) demonstrated superior antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1292 μg/mL and IC<sub>50</sub> = 227 μg/mL, respectively), correlating with high polyphenol content (1498 and 1409 mg GAE/g). CTR displayed significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 904.2 μg/mL), while <i>C. album</i> (CA) promoted cell proliferation (132.3% viability). In LPS-stimulated CHSE-214 cells, <i>D. polystachya</i> (DP) induced the highest <i>IL-8</i> expression (207-fold), followed by <i>Chenopodium album</i> (CA) (194-fold <i>IL-8</i>, 49-fold <i>TNF-α</i>) and CTR (245-fold <i>RIPK2</i>), activating NF-κB, MAPK, and NOD-like receptor pathways critical for teleost immunity. <i>Lonicera japonica</i> (LJ) suppressed <i>TNF-α</i> (0.4-fold) and <i>IRF1</i> (0.3-fold), indicating anti-inflammatory potential, while <i>S. virgaurea</i> subsp. <i>gigantea</i> (SV) showed biphasic <i>TNF-α</i> modulation (79-fold at 10 μg/mL, 5-fold at 100 μg/mL). These diverse bioactivities, particularly the robust immunomodulatory effects, highlight the promise of these extracts as natural therapeutic agents for fish health management in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/7/313antioxidant capacityaquaculture healthfish pathogensimmune modulationplant extracts
spellingShingle Soo-Ji Woo
So-Sun Kim
Eun-Ji Jeon
Dong-Sung Lee
Na-Young Kim
Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
Fishes
antioxidant capacity
aquaculture health
fish pathogens
immune modulation
plant extracts
title Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
title_full Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
title_fullStr Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
title_short Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Gene Modulation of Six Medicinal Plants in CHSE-214 Cells
title_sort antibacterial activity antioxidant capacity and immune gene modulation of six medicinal plants in chse 214 cells
topic antioxidant capacity
aquaculture health
fish pathogens
immune modulation
plant extracts
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/7/313
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