Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies
Epidemiological studies have revealed significant sex differences in the incidence of tumors unrelated to reproductive functions, with females demonstrating a lesser risk and a better response to therapy than males. However, the reasons for these disparities are still unknown and cancer therapies ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/363 |
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| author | Miriana Cardano Giacomo Buscemi Laura Zannini |
| author_facet | Miriana Cardano Giacomo Buscemi Laura Zannini |
| author_sort | Miriana Cardano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epidemiological studies have revealed significant sex differences in the incidence of tumors unrelated to reproductive functions, with females demonstrating a lesser risk and a better response to therapy than males. However, the reasons for these disparities are still unknown and cancer therapies are generally sex-unbiased. The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes mainly involved in the maintenance of genome stability and tumor prevention. It is encoded by <i>TP53</i>, which is the most-frequently mutated gene in human cancers and therefore constitutes an attractive target for therapy. Recently, evidence of sex differences has emerged in both p53 regulations and functions, possibly providing novel opportunities for personalized cancer medicine. Here, we will review and discuss current knowledge about sexual disparities in p53 pathways, their role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and their importance in the therapy choice process, finally highlighting the importance of considering sex contribution in both basic research and clinical practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c90c534404124d4e87c3d22b147f7bc0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-c90c534404124d4e87c3d22b147f7bc02025-08-20T02:05:17ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-02-0114536310.3390/cells14050363Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer TherapiesMiriana Cardano0Giacomo Buscemi1Laura Zannini2Istituto di Genetica Molecolare Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 20133 Pavia, ItalyIstituto di Genetica Molecolare Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 20133 Pavia, ItalyIstituto di Genetica Molecolare Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 20133 Pavia, ItalyEpidemiological studies have revealed significant sex differences in the incidence of tumors unrelated to reproductive functions, with females demonstrating a lesser risk and a better response to therapy than males. However, the reasons for these disparities are still unknown and cancer therapies are generally sex-unbiased. The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes mainly involved in the maintenance of genome stability and tumor prevention. It is encoded by <i>TP53</i>, which is the most-frequently mutated gene in human cancers and therefore constitutes an attractive target for therapy. Recently, evidence of sex differences has emerged in both p53 regulations and functions, possibly providing novel opportunities for personalized cancer medicine. Here, we will review and discuss current knowledge about sexual disparities in p53 pathways, their role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and their importance in the therapy choice process, finally highlighting the importance of considering sex contribution in both basic research and clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/363p53sex disparitiescancer |
| spellingShingle | Miriana Cardano Giacomo Buscemi Laura Zannini Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies Cells p53 sex disparities cancer |
| title | Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies |
| title_full | Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies |
| title_short | Sex Disparities in P53 Regulation and Functions: Novel Insights for Personalized Cancer Therapies |
| title_sort | sex disparities in p53 regulation and functions novel insights for personalized cancer therapies |
| topic | p53 sex disparities cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/363 |
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