Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The Inhibitor of Differentiation 4 (ID4) protein is frequently overexpressed in BLBC, yet its role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we used CRISPR–Cas9-mediated ID4 knockou...

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Main Authors: C. Toro, S. Real, S. Laurito, M. T. Branham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Breast Cancer
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00787-y
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author C. Toro
S. Real
S. Laurito
M. T. Branham
author_facet C. Toro
S. Real
S. Laurito
M. T. Branham
author_sort C. Toro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The Inhibitor of Differentiation 4 (ID4) protein is frequently overexpressed in BLBC, yet its role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we used CRISPR–Cas9-mediated ID4 knockout, pharmacologic inhibition, in vivo xenografts, and transcriptomic analysis to investigate ID4 function. ID4 loss in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced proliferation, colony formation, Ki67 expression, and tumor growth in vivo. TCGA analysis showed improved relapse-free survival in patients with low ID4 expression. Gene set enrichment revealed a luminal-like transcriptional profile in ID4-low tumors, including increased estrogen response and inflammatory signaling. Transcription factor activity analysis indicated MYC, JUN, and STAT activation, suggesting a shift toward differentiation. The ID4 degrader AGX51 also suppressed TNBC cell proliferation. Together, these findings identify ID4 as a driver of BLBC aggressiveness and support its inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-c8fea32fc7bc45809ccb6ff8ef6c6a5f2025-08-20T03:43:20ZengNature Portfolionpj Breast Cancer2374-46772025-07-0111111210.1038/s41523-025-00787-yExploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancerC. Toro0S. Real1S. Laurito2M. T. Branham3Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de CuyoInstituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de CuyoInstituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET)Abstract Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The Inhibitor of Differentiation 4 (ID4) protein is frequently overexpressed in BLBC, yet its role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we used CRISPR–Cas9-mediated ID4 knockout, pharmacologic inhibition, in vivo xenografts, and transcriptomic analysis to investigate ID4 function. ID4 loss in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced proliferation, colony formation, Ki67 expression, and tumor growth in vivo. TCGA analysis showed improved relapse-free survival in patients with low ID4 expression. Gene set enrichment revealed a luminal-like transcriptional profile in ID4-low tumors, including increased estrogen response and inflammatory signaling. Transcription factor activity analysis indicated MYC, JUN, and STAT activation, suggesting a shift toward differentiation. The ID4 degrader AGX51 also suppressed TNBC cell proliferation. Together, these findings identify ID4 as a driver of BLBC aggressiveness and support its inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00787-y
spellingShingle C. Toro
S. Real
S. Laurito
M. T. Branham
Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
npj Breast Cancer
title Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_full Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_fullStr Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_full_unstemmed Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_short Exploring ID4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer
title_sort exploring id4 as a driver of aggression and a therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-025-00787-y
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