Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts

Background: Lyme disease can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues, often mimicking primary psychiatric disorders. This paper examines the connection between Lyme disease and neuropsychiatric outcomes to improve diagnosis and treatment.Materials and Method...

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Main Authors: Gabija Šegždaitė, Odeta Aliukonytė, Kamilė Pociūtė
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Vilnius University Press 2025-04-01
Series:Acta Medica Lituanica
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.journals.vu.lt/AML/article/view/38092
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author Gabija Šegždaitė
Odeta Aliukonytė
Kamilė Pociūtė
author_facet Gabija Šegždaitė
Odeta Aliukonytė
Kamilė Pociūtė
author_sort Gabija Šegždaitė
collection DOAJ
description Background: Lyme disease can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues, often mimicking primary psychiatric disorders. This paper examines the connection between Lyme disease and neuropsychiatric outcomes to improve diagnosis and treatment.Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was searched for scientific literature sources. Publications published in English in 2019–2024 were selected. All psychiatric symptoms and disorders found to be associated with Lyme disease were included. For neurological symptoms, the analysis focused on studies addressing cognitive dysfunction.Results: Acute neuroborreliosis may have minimal effects on the cognitive function and typically resolves well with treatment. However, some studies suggest that Lyme disease can affect the patients’ cognitive abilities, leading to impairments in verbal fluency, attention, and memory, with a few isolated dementia-like cases highlighting the need for careful diagnosis. Nevertheless, recent large-scale studies show no increased risk of dementia. Regarding psychiatric symptoms, findings are also inconsistent, with some studies suggesting an increased risk of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other mental health conditions, while others find no such association.Conclusions: There is no strong evidence supporting Lyme disease’s role in long-term cognitive or psychiatric disorders. However, an early diagnosis and timely antibiotic treatment remain crucial in minimizing long-term consequences and improving patient outcomes.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-c8e0f21b92d442c8a156d5a58805eb6b2025-08-20T02:55:52ZengVilnius University PressActa Medica Lituanica1392-01382029-41742025-04-0132110.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.17Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive ImpactsGabija Šegždaitė0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0259-6823Odeta Aliukonytė1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6062-9340Kamilė Pociūtė2https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9916-4418Lithuanian University of Health SciencesVilnius UniversityVilnius University Background: Lyme disease can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues, often mimicking primary psychiatric disorders. This paper examines the connection between Lyme disease and neuropsychiatric outcomes to improve diagnosis and treatment.Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was searched for scientific literature sources. Publications published in English in 2019–2024 were selected. All psychiatric symptoms and disorders found to be associated with Lyme disease were included. For neurological symptoms, the analysis focused on studies addressing cognitive dysfunction.Results: Acute neuroborreliosis may have minimal effects on the cognitive function and typically resolves well with treatment. However, some studies suggest that Lyme disease can affect the patients’ cognitive abilities, leading to impairments in verbal fluency, attention, and memory, with a few isolated dementia-like cases highlighting the need for careful diagnosis. Nevertheless, recent large-scale studies show no increased risk of dementia. Regarding psychiatric symptoms, findings are also inconsistent, with some studies suggesting an increased risk of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other mental health conditions, while others find no such association.Conclusions: There is no strong evidence supporting Lyme disease’s role in long-term cognitive or psychiatric disorders. However, an early diagnosis and timely antibiotic treatment remain crucial in minimizing long-term consequences and improving patient outcomes. https://www.journals.vu.lt/AML/article/view/38092Lyme diseaseborreliosispsychiatric disordersneuropsychiatric symptoms
spellingShingle Gabija Šegždaitė
Odeta Aliukonytė
Kamilė Pociūtė
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
Acta Medica Lituanica
Lyme disease
borreliosis
psychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric symptoms
title Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
title_full Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
title_fullStr Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
title_full_unstemmed Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
title_short Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Lyme Disease: A Literature Review of Psychiatric and Cognitive Impacts
title_sort neuropsychiatric manifestations of lyme disease a literature review of psychiatric and cognitive impacts
topic Lyme disease
borreliosis
psychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric symptoms
url https://www.journals.vu.lt/AML/article/view/38092
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AT odetaaliukonyte neuropsychiatricmanifestationsoflymediseasealiteraturereviewofpsychiatricandcognitiveimpacts
AT kamilepociute neuropsychiatricmanifestationsoflymediseasealiteraturereviewofpsychiatricandcognitiveimpacts