Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees

ABSTRACT Background Mutations in the WFS1 gene are implicated in Wolfram syndrome (WS), Wolfram‐like syndrome (WFLS), and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) is a diabetes‐related gene encoding wolframin, a glycoprotein with nine transmembrane domains localized in...

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Main Authors: ChangQing Liu, HangYu Fang, Dong Wang, YiPing Cheng, Ping Shi, ChunXiao Yu, XiaoHong Li, Hui Zhao, Wei Hou, ZhenKui Guo, Chao Xu, QingBo Guan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70114
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author ChangQing Liu
HangYu Fang
Dong Wang
YiPing Cheng
Ping Shi
ChunXiao Yu
XiaoHong Li
Hui Zhao
Wei Hou
ZhenKui Guo
Chao Xu
QingBo Guan
author_facet ChangQing Liu
HangYu Fang
Dong Wang
YiPing Cheng
Ping Shi
ChunXiao Yu
XiaoHong Li
Hui Zhao
Wei Hou
ZhenKui Guo
Chao Xu
QingBo Guan
author_sort ChangQing Liu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Mutations in the WFS1 gene are implicated in Wolfram syndrome (WS), Wolfram‐like syndrome (WFLS), and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) is a diabetes‐related gene encoding wolframin, a glycoprotein with nine transmembrane domains localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the relationship between WFS1 mutations and their associated phenotypes remains incompletely understood, requiring additional patient data collection for further investigation. Here we collected and analyzed clinical data from three diabetes pedigrees, and to assess the genotype‐phenotype correlation. Methods High‐throughput sequencing was employed to detect WFS1 gene mutations, followed by pathogenicity and conservation analysis using bioinformatics software. A three‐dimensional wolframin protein structure was constructed to investigate the potential effects of the mutations. Moreover, the distribution of WFS1 mutations and their associated clinical phenotypes were analyzed by summarizing genetic variations of the WFS1 gene recorded in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Results Four heterozygous WFS1 mutations were identified in three diabetes families. Among these, c.1523_1524del/p.Y508Cfs*34 was identified as a frameshift mutation, while the others were missense mutations. Bioinformatics predictions revealed that c.766A>G/p.K256E is a benign and novel mutation, whereas the remaining mutations were classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, c.985T>A/p.F329I was validated as a MODY‐associated mutation within a specific family. A comprehensive summary of all reported WFS1 mutations indicated that mutations associated with WS phenotypes are approximately 18.7 times more frequent than those associated with MODY phenotypes. Missense mutations accounted for the highest proportion of WFS1 mutations associated with different clinical phenotypes, with the majority located in exon 8. Conclusions This study identified a novel WFS1 mutation, c.766A>G/p.K256E, expanding the known mutation spectrum of the WFS1 gene. The findings suggest that inactivating mutations and benign missense mutations are associated with more severe WS phenotypes compared to purely pathogenic missense mutations. Moreover, c.985T>A/p.F329I was validated as a MODY associated mutation. Finally, by summarizing the genotype–phenotype relationships of WFS1, it is concluded that the WFS1 gene shows a different association with WS, WFSL and MODY.
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spelling doaj-art-c8d9cac255b24b95bb64314feab304fc2025-08-20T03:35:16ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes1753-03931753-04072025-07-01177n/an/a10.1111/1753-0407.70114Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes PedigreesChangQing Liu0HangYu Fang1Dong Wang2YiPing Cheng3Ping Shi4ChunXiao Yu5XiaoHong Li6Hui Zhao7Wei Hou8ZhenKui Guo9Chao Xu10QingBo Guan11Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan, China. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan, China. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan, China. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease Jinan Shandong ChinaThe Cancer Prevention and Control Hospital of Tai'an Tai'an Shangdong ChinaShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan, China. Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan Shandong ChinaABSTRACT Background Mutations in the WFS1 gene are implicated in Wolfram syndrome (WS), Wolfram‐like syndrome (WFLS), and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) is a diabetes‐related gene encoding wolframin, a glycoprotein with nine transmembrane domains localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the relationship between WFS1 mutations and their associated phenotypes remains incompletely understood, requiring additional patient data collection for further investigation. Here we collected and analyzed clinical data from three diabetes pedigrees, and to assess the genotype‐phenotype correlation. Methods High‐throughput sequencing was employed to detect WFS1 gene mutations, followed by pathogenicity and conservation analysis using bioinformatics software. A three‐dimensional wolframin protein structure was constructed to investigate the potential effects of the mutations. Moreover, the distribution of WFS1 mutations and their associated clinical phenotypes were analyzed by summarizing genetic variations of the WFS1 gene recorded in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Results Four heterozygous WFS1 mutations were identified in three diabetes families. Among these, c.1523_1524del/p.Y508Cfs*34 was identified as a frameshift mutation, while the others were missense mutations. Bioinformatics predictions revealed that c.766A>G/p.K256E is a benign and novel mutation, whereas the remaining mutations were classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, c.985T>A/p.F329I was validated as a MODY‐associated mutation within a specific family. A comprehensive summary of all reported WFS1 mutations indicated that mutations associated with WS phenotypes are approximately 18.7 times more frequent than those associated with MODY phenotypes. Missense mutations accounted for the highest proportion of WFS1 mutations associated with different clinical phenotypes, with the majority located in exon 8. Conclusions This study identified a novel WFS1 mutation, c.766A>G/p.K256E, expanding the known mutation spectrum of the WFS1 gene. The findings suggest that inactivating mutations and benign missense mutations are associated with more severe WS phenotypes compared to purely pathogenic missense mutations. Moreover, c.985T>A/p.F329I was validated as a MODY associated mutation. Finally, by summarizing the genotype–phenotype relationships of WFS1, it is concluded that the WFS1 gene shows a different association with WS, WFSL and MODY.https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70114diabetesgene mutationMODYWFS1wolframin protein
spellingShingle ChangQing Liu
HangYu Fang
Dong Wang
YiPing Cheng
Ping Shi
ChunXiao Yu
XiaoHong Li
Hui Zhao
Wei Hou
ZhenKui Guo
Chao Xu
QingBo Guan
Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
Journal of Diabetes
diabetes
gene mutation
MODY
WFS1
wolframin protein
title Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
title_full Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
title_fullStr Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
title_short Characterization of Novel WFS1 Variants in Three Diabetes Pedigrees
title_sort characterization of novel wfs1 variants in three diabetes pedigrees
topic diabetes
gene mutation
MODY
WFS1
wolframin protein
url https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70114
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