Unconventional Coherence Peak in Cuprate Superconductors

The Hebel-Slichter coherence peak, observed in the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T_{1} just below the critical temperature T_{c}, serves as a crucial experimental validation of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing symmetry in conventional superconductors. However, no coherence peak in 1/T_{1} has...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zheng Li, Chao Mu, Pengfei Li, Wei Wu, Jiangping Hu, Tao Xiang, Kun Jiang, Jianlin Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2024-12-01
Series:Physical Review X
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041072
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Summary:The Hebel-Slichter coherence peak, observed in the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T_{1} just below the critical temperature T_{c}, serves as a crucial experimental validation of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing symmetry in conventional superconductors. However, no coherence peak in 1/T_{1} has been observed in unconventional superconductors like cuprates. In this study, an unconventional coherence peak is identified for the first time using nuclear quadrupole resonance on YBa_{2}Cu_{4}O_{8}, pointing to a distinctive pairing symmetry. The spin-lattice relaxation rate in nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance with nuclear spin I>1/2 comprises the magnetic relaxation rate 1/T_{1}^{mag}, which probes magnetic fluctuations, and the quadrupole relaxation rate 1/T_{1}^{quad}, which probes charge fluctuations. By utilizing ^{63}Cu and ^{65}Cu isotopes, we successfully distinguish 1/T_{1}^{mag} and 1/T_{1}^{quad} of YBa_{2}Cu_{4}O_{8} and reveal the presence of the coherence peak in 1/T_{1}^{quad} but not in 1/T_{1}^{mag}, in contrast to conventional superconductors. Our finding demonstrates that unconventional superconductors do not exhibit a coherence peak in 1/T_{1} when the relaxation is due to fluctuations of the hyperfine field. Conversely, a coherence peak is expected when the relaxation is caused by electric field gradient fluctuations, due to the different coherence factors between charge and magnetic fluctuations. Our successful measurements of 1/T_{1} for the chains of YBa_{2}Cu_{4}O_{8} suggest that, should the conditions for predominant quadrupole relaxation be satisfied, this phenomenon could provide a novel approach to exploring the unconventional nature of the pairing mechanism in other superconductors.
ISSN:2160-3308