Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>)
<i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) is a symbiotic fungus of <i>Sirex noctilio</i> Fabricius that has ecological significance. Terpenoids are key mediators in fungal–insect interactions, yet the biosynthetic...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Lixia Wang Ningning Fu Ming Wang Zhongyi Zhan Youqing Luo Jianrong Wu Lili Ren |
| author_facet | Lixia Wang Ningning Fu Ming Wang Zhongyi Zhan Youqing Luo Jianrong Wu Lili Ren |
| author_sort | Lixia Wang |
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| description | <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) is a symbiotic fungus of <i>Sirex noctilio</i> Fabricius that has ecological significance. Terpenoids are key mediators in fungal–insect interactions, yet the biosynthetic mechanisms of terpenoids in this species remain unclear. Under nutritional conditions that mimic natural growth, <i>A. areolatum</i> was sampled during the lag phase (day 7), exponential phase (day 14), and stationary phase (day 21). Metabolome (solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) and transcriptome (Illumina NovaSeq) profiles were integrated to investigate terpenoid–gene correlations. This analysis identified 103 terpenoids in <i>A. areolatum</i>, substantially expanding the known repertoire of terpenoid compounds in this species. Total terpenoid abundance progressively increased across three developmental stages, with triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids demonstrating the highest diversity and abundance levels. Transcriptomic profiling (61.66 Gb clean data) revealed 26 terpenoid biosynthesis-associated genes, establishing a comprehensive transcriptional framework for fungal terpenoid metabolism. Among 11 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2Fold Change| ≥ 1, adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05), <i>HMGS1</i>, <i>HMGR2</i>, and <i>AaTPS1-3</i> emerged as key regulators potentially governing terpenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide foundational insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpenoid production in <i>A. areolatum</i> and related basidiomycetes. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8c2ba8d8fcb4789ad58d221382109be2025-08-20T02:33:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-05-0111538310.3390/jof11050383Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>)Lixia Wang0Ningning Fu1Ming Wang2Zhongyi Zhan3Youqing Luo4Jianrong Wu5Lili Ren6Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China<i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) is a symbiotic fungus of <i>Sirex noctilio</i> Fabricius that has ecological significance. Terpenoids are key mediators in fungal–insect interactions, yet the biosynthetic mechanisms of terpenoids in this species remain unclear. Under nutritional conditions that mimic natural growth, <i>A. areolatum</i> was sampled during the lag phase (day 7), exponential phase (day 14), and stationary phase (day 21). Metabolome (solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) and transcriptome (Illumina NovaSeq) profiles were integrated to investigate terpenoid–gene correlations. This analysis identified 103 terpenoids in <i>A. areolatum</i>, substantially expanding the known repertoire of terpenoid compounds in this species. Total terpenoid abundance progressively increased across three developmental stages, with triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids demonstrating the highest diversity and abundance levels. Transcriptomic profiling (61.66 Gb clean data) revealed 26 terpenoid biosynthesis-associated genes, establishing a comprehensive transcriptional framework for fungal terpenoid metabolism. Among 11 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2Fold Change| ≥ 1, adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05), <i>HMGS1</i>, <i>HMGR2</i>, and <i>AaTPS1-3</i> emerged as key regulators potentially governing terpenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide foundational insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpenoid production in <i>A. areolatum</i> and related basidiomycetes.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/383<i>Sirex noctilio</i><i>Amylostereum areolatum</i>metabolometranscriptomemetabolome analysisterpenoids |
| spellingShingle | Lixia Wang Ningning Fu Ming Wang Zhongyi Zhan Youqing Luo Jianrong Wu Lili Ren Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) Journal of Fungi <i>Sirex noctilio</i> <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> metabolome transcriptome metabolome analysis terpenoids |
| title | Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) |
| title_full | Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) |
| title_short | Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (<i>Russulales: Amylostereaceae</i>) |
| title_sort | integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals candidate genes related to terpenoid synthesis in i amylostereum areolatum i i russulales amylostereaceae i |
| topic | <i>Sirex noctilio</i> <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> metabolome transcriptome metabolome analysis terpenoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/383 |
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