Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field

Zero-field atomic ensembles enable the development of ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometry. However, their intrinsic insensitivity to longitudinal magnetic fields along the pumping direction poses a fundamental limitation, restricting precise weak-field quantification and complex system decoupling. He...

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Main Authors: Shuying Wang, Jixi Lu, Kaixuan Zhang, Le Zhao, Yibo Qi, Jiancheng Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-08-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/yjc6-b26g
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author Shuying Wang
Jixi Lu
Kaixuan Zhang
Le Zhao
Yibo Qi
Jiancheng Fang
author_facet Shuying Wang
Jixi Lu
Kaixuan Zhang
Le Zhao
Yibo Qi
Jiancheng Fang
author_sort Shuying Wang
collection DOAJ
description Zero-field atomic ensembles enable the development of ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometry. However, their intrinsic insensitivity to longitudinal magnetic fields along the pumping direction poses a fundamental limitation, restricting precise weak-field quantification and complex system decoupling. Herein, we propose a novel zero-field weak parametric modulation scheme capable of ultrahigh-sensitivity extraction of longitudinal magnetic fields. Transverse modulation is employed to manifest the electron spin polarization projection induced by the longitudinal fields. Based on the perturbation model established, first-order parametric resonance associated with the longitudinal magnetic field yields significant signal enhancement under low-frequency and weak modulation conditions, while simultaneously suppressing spin-exchange relaxation caused by magnetic field modulation. We experimentally achieved a longitudinal measurement sensitivity of 16fT/Hz^{1/2}, more than an order of magnitude improved over traditional schemes, with a bandwidth of 70 Hz. Benefiting from low spin relaxation, the noise floor of the transverse magnetic field measurement is preserved at 4 fT/Hz^{1/2}. The proposed scheme pushes the boundaries of existing weak magnetic field measurement, providing critical capabilities for state-of-the-art precision experiments including new physical quantity detection.
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institution Kabale University
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publisher American Physical Society
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spelling doaj-art-c8b4be711383443a8512876b91fd349f2025-08-20T03:58:18ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-08-0173L03202410.1103/yjc6-b26gZero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic fieldShuying WangJixi LuKaixuan ZhangLe ZhaoYibo QiJiancheng FangZero-field atomic ensembles enable the development of ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometry. However, their intrinsic insensitivity to longitudinal magnetic fields along the pumping direction poses a fundamental limitation, restricting precise weak-field quantification and complex system decoupling. Herein, we propose a novel zero-field weak parametric modulation scheme capable of ultrahigh-sensitivity extraction of longitudinal magnetic fields. Transverse modulation is employed to manifest the electron spin polarization projection induced by the longitudinal fields. Based on the perturbation model established, first-order parametric resonance associated with the longitudinal magnetic field yields significant signal enhancement under low-frequency and weak modulation conditions, while simultaneously suppressing spin-exchange relaxation caused by magnetic field modulation. We experimentally achieved a longitudinal measurement sensitivity of 16fT/Hz^{1/2}, more than an order of magnitude improved over traditional schemes, with a bandwidth of 70 Hz. Benefiting from low spin relaxation, the noise floor of the transverse magnetic field measurement is preserved at 4 fT/Hz^{1/2}. The proposed scheme pushes the boundaries of existing weak magnetic field measurement, providing critical capabilities for state-of-the-art precision experiments including new physical quantity detection.http://doi.org/10.1103/yjc6-b26g
spellingShingle Shuying Wang
Jixi Lu
Kaixuan Zhang
Le Zhao
Yibo Qi
Jiancheng Fang
Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
Physical Review Research
title Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
title_full Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
title_fullStr Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
title_full_unstemmed Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
title_short Zero-field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
title_sort zero field atomic magnetometer to extract longitudinal magnetic field
url http://doi.org/10.1103/yjc6-b26g
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AT lezhao zerofieldatomicmagnetometertoextractlongitudinalmagneticfield
AT yiboqi zerofieldatomicmagnetometertoextractlongitudinalmagneticfield
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