Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica.
Identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224&type=printable |
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| author | Gráinne H Long Divya Sinha Andrew F Read Stacy Pritt Barry Kline Eric T Harvill Peter J Hudson Ottar N Bjørnstad |
| author_facet | Gráinne H Long Divya Sinha Andrew F Read Stacy Pritt Barry Kline Eric T Harvill Peter J Hudson Ottar N Bjørnstad |
| author_sort | Gráinne H Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica--a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans--within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relative effects of sex and age on the transmission dynamics therein. We did this by developing an a priori set of hypotheses outlining how natural B. bronchiseptica infections may be transmitted between rabbits. We discriminated between these hypotheses by using force-of-infection estimates coupled with random effects binomial regression analysis of B. bronchiseptica age-prevalence data from within our rabbit population. Force-of-infection analysis allowed us to quantify the apparent prevalence of B. bronchiseptica while correcting for age structure. To determine whether transmission is largely within social groups (in this case litter), or from an external group, we used random-effect binomial regression to evaluate the importance of social mixing in disease spread. Between these two approaches our results support young weanlings--as opposed to, for example, breeder or maternal cohorts--as the age cohort primarily responsible for B. bronchiseptica transmission. Thus age-prevalence data, which is relatively easy to gather in clinical or agricultural settings, can be used to evaluate contact patterns and infer the likely age-cohort responsible for transmission of directly transmitted infections. These insights shed light on the dynamics of disease spread and allow an assessment to be made of the best methods for effective long-term disease control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8acce02e0d3467987381bdf6fc48465 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8acce02e0d3467987381bdf6fc484652025-08-20T03:07:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742010-12-01612e100122410.1371/journal.ppat.1001224Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica.Gráinne H LongDivya SinhaAndrew F ReadStacy PrittBarry KlineEric T HarvillPeter J HudsonOttar N BjørnstadIdentifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica--a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans--within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relative effects of sex and age on the transmission dynamics therein. We did this by developing an a priori set of hypotheses outlining how natural B. bronchiseptica infections may be transmitted between rabbits. We discriminated between these hypotheses by using force-of-infection estimates coupled with random effects binomial regression analysis of B. bronchiseptica age-prevalence data from within our rabbit population. Force-of-infection analysis allowed us to quantify the apparent prevalence of B. bronchiseptica while correcting for age structure. To determine whether transmission is largely within social groups (in this case litter), or from an external group, we used random-effect binomial regression to evaluate the importance of social mixing in disease spread. Between these two approaches our results support young weanlings--as opposed to, for example, breeder or maternal cohorts--as the age cohort primarily responsible for B. bronchiseptica transmission. Thus age-prevalence data, which is relatively easy to gather in clinical or agricultural settings, can be used to evaluate contact patterns and infer the likely age-cohort responsible for transmission of directly transmitted infections. These insights shed light on the dynamics of disease spread and allow an assessment to be made of the best methods for effective long-term disease control.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Gráinne H Long Divya Sinha Andrew F Read Stacy Pritt Barry Kline Eric T Harvill Peter J Hudson Ottar N Bjørnstad Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. |
| title_full | Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. |
| title_fullStr | Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. |
| title_short | Identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica. |
| title_sort | identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of bordetella bronchiseptica |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224&type=printable |
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