Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain
Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects up to 11% of children and forms a continuum of severity ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea. Children with SDB exhibit significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular dysfunction, which is associated with repetitive hypoxia and s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_16_18 |
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| author | Lisa M Walter Rosemary SC Horne |
| author_facet | Lisa M Walter Rosemary SC Horne |
| author_sort | Lisa M Walter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects up to 11% of children and forms a continuum of severity ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea. Children with SDB exhibit significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular dysfunction, which is associated with repetitive hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize the condition. We reviewed the recent literature pertaining to the effect of SDB on the brain in children. These include studies that utilized near-infrared spectroscopy to determine cerebral oxygenation and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Studies have identified that the effect of SDB on cerebral oxygenation in children is minimal and not clinically significant. There are conflicting reports on the association between the measures of cerebral oxygenation and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and further research needs to be conducted to elucidate the relationship between peripheral SpO2, cerebral oxygenation, and SDB in children. MRI studies have reported significant structural and functional changes to the brains of children with SDB, in brain regions associated with neurocognition, behavior, and autonomic function. These include reduced white and gray matter and structural changes to a multitude of brain areas including, but not limited to, the hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, insula, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. These studies utilize a variety of MRI techniques to address different research questions, but contribute to the gradually developing picture of the adverse effects of SDB on the brain in children. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8ac88a7f39e4e489ffc892723c995ec |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2543-0343 2543-0351 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8ac88a7f39e4e489ffc892723c995ec2025-08-20T02:18:58ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsPediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine2543-03432543-03512018-10-0124586410.4103/prcm.prcm_16_18Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing BrainLisa M WalterRosemary SC HorneObstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects up to 11% of children and forms a continuum of severity ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea. Children with SDB exhibit significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular dysfunction, which is associated with repetitive hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize the condition. We reviewed the recent literature pertaining to the effect of SDB on the brain in children. These include studies that utilized near-infrared spectroscopy to determine cerebral oxygenation and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Studies have identified that the effect of SDB on cerebral oxygenation in children is minimal and not clinically significant. There are conflicting reports on the association between the measures of cerebral oxygenation and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and further research needs to be conducted to elucidate the relationship between peripheral SpO2, cerebral oxygenation, and SDB in children. MRI studies have reported significant structural and functional changes to the brains of children with SDB, in brain regions associated with neurocognition, behavior, and autonomic function. These include reduced white and gray matter and structural changes to a multitude of brain areas including, but not limited to, the hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, insula, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. These studies utilize a variety of MRI techniques to address different research questions, but contribute to the gradually developing picture of the adverse effects of SDB on the brain in children.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_16_18cerebral oxygenationmriobstructive sleep apneapediatric |
| spellingShingle | Lisa M Walter Rosemary SC Horne Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine cerebral oxygenation mri obstructive sleep apnea pediatric |
| title | Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain |
| title_full | Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain |
| title_fullStr | Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain |
| title_short | Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Impact on the Developing Brain |
| title_sort | obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children impact on the developing brain |
| topic | cerebral oxygenation mri obstructive sleep apnea pediatric |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_16_18 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lisamwalter obstructivesleepdisorderedbreathinginchildrenimpactonthedevelopingbrain AT rosemaryschorne obstructivesleepdisorderedbreathinginchildrenimpactonthedevelopingbrain |