Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 584 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups based on whether with DR (non-DR group, n = 382; DR group, n = 2...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1565414/full |
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| author | Yuan Zhang Yuan Zhang Guanhua Chen Guanhua Chen Yali Jing Yali Jing |
| author_facet | Yuan Zhang Yuan Zhang Guanhua Chen Guanhua Chen Yali Jing Yali Jing |
| author_sort | Yuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 584 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups based on whether with DR (non-DR group, n = 382; DR group, n = 202). The association between AIP and DR was assessed by Spearman’s correlation and bivariate/multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe patients in the DR group showed significantly higher AIP levels than those in the non-DR group (−0.009 ± 0.226 vs. 0.186 ± 0.261, p < 0.001). Compared with those without DR, DR group had higher levels of age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), while direct bilirubin (DBIL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower (p < 0.05). According to the interquartile range of AIP, the participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (≤−0.130), Q2 (−0.129, 0.048), Q3 (0.049, 0.220), Q4 (≥0.221). After adjusting for age, BMI, SBP, diabetes duration, DBIL, BUN and Cr, the logistic regression model indicated that subjects in Q3 and Q4 still had a remarkably increased risk of DR (Q3: OR, 2.838, 95% CI: 1.268 ~ 7.067; Q4: OR, 4.414, 95% CI: 1.841 ~ 10.097; all p < 0.05). AIP provided an AUC value of 0.697 for retinopathy in patients with T2DM (95% CI: 0.652 ~ 0.741).ConclusionAIP is associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with T2DM, and AIP may be a potential predictor of DR in patients with T2DM. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8abd31417574183b0d6280ecc75f00a2025-08-20T02:31:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-05-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15654141565414Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathyYuan Zhang0Yuan Zhang1Guanhua Chen2Guanhua Chen3Yali Jing4Yali Jing5Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, ChinaBranch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, ChinaBranch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, ChinaBranch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, ChinaObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 584 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups based on whether with DR (non-DR group, n = 382; DR group, n = 202). The association between AIP and DR was assessed by Spearman’s correlation and bivariate/multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe patients in the DR group showed significantly higher AIP levels than those in the non-DR group (−0.009 ± 0.226 vs. 0.186 ± 0.261, p < 0.001). Compared with those without DR, DR group had higher levels of age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), while direct bilirubin (DBIL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower (p < 0.05). According to the interquartile range of AIP, the participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (≤−0.130), Q2 (−0.129, 0.048), Q3 (0.049, 0.220), Q4 (≥0.221). After adjusting for age, BMI, SBP, diabetes duration, DBIL, BUN and Cr, the logistic regression model indicated that subjects in Q3 and Q4 still had a remarkably increased risk of DR (Q3: OR, 2.838, 95% CI: 1.268 ~ 7.067; Q4: OR, 4.414, 95% CI: 1.841 ~ 10.097; all p < 0.05). AIP provided an AUC value of 0.697 for retinopathy in patients with T2DM (95% CI: 0.652 ~ 0.741).ConclusionAIP is associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with T2DM, and AIP may be a potential predictor of DR in patients with T2DM.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1565414/fulltype 2 diabetes mellitusatherogenic index of plasmadiabetic retinopathypredictorbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Zhang Yuan Zhang Guanhua Chen Guanhua Chen Yali Jing Yali Jing Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy Frontiers in Medicine type 2 diabetes mellitus atherogenic index of plasma diabetic retinopathy predictor biomarker |
| title | Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| title_full | Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| title_fullStr | Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| title_short | Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| title_sort | correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy |
| topic | type 2 diabetes mellitus atherogenic index of plasma diabetic retinopathy predictor biomarker |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1565414/full |
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