Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed

Abstract Fluoride with its wide application reflects its unavoidable contamination for human with expected damage of lung and hepatic tissues. The present research aimed at studying the potential protection from pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats by two nutraceuticals (N1 and N2) composed of mi...

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Main Authors: Sahar Y. Al-Okbi, Shaimaa E. Mohammed, Enas S. K. Al-Siedy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Food
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00521-4
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author Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
Shaimaa E. Mohammed
Enas S. K. Al-Siedy
author_facet Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
Shaimaa E. Mohammed
Enas S. K. Al-Siedy
author_sort Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fluoride with its wide application reflects its unavoidable contamination for human with expected damage of lung and hepatic tissues. The present research aimed at studying the potential protection from pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats by two nutraceuticals (N1 and N2) composed of mixture of alcohol and petroleum ether extracts of green and red sweet pepper seed, respectively. Extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Rats were divided into a normal control group (NC), a control group (FC) consumed drinking water containing 300 ppm sodium fluoride (SFW) and two groups consumed SFW with N1 and N2 administration, respectively. Catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and histopathology were assessed in liver and lung with determination of plasma catalase, MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total bilirubin (TB) and transaminases (ALT and AST). Isoprenoids and α- linolenic acid showed higher percentage in the red variety while higher phenolic contents were present in the green variety. The major phenolic compounds in both seeds were ellagic, chlorogenic and gallic acid. Docosane was the major hydrocarbon in both varieties. Significant increase in MDA, NO, ALT, AST and TB with reduction in TAC and catalase were noticed in FC compared to NC. Severe injuries were observed in lung and hepatic tissues of the FC group. Administered nutraceuticals produced significant improvements in all parameters and in hepatic and pulmonary tissues. Nutraceuticals prepared from pepper seeds afforded protection from hepatic and pulmonary damage due to fluoride exposure which could be related to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-c891eec3c7af43b8b3e6ef6a0982fce72025-08-20T04:02:54ZengSpringerDiscover Food2731-42862025-07-015111910.1007/s44187-025-00521-4Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seedSahar Y. Al-Okbi0Shaimaa E. Mohammed1Enas S. K. Al-Siedy2Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research CentreNutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research CentreNutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research CentreAbstract Fluoride with its wide application reflects its unavoidable contamination for human with expected damage of lung and hepatic tissues. The present research aimed at studying the potential protection from pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats by two nutraceuticals (N1 and N2) composed of mixture of alcohol and petroleum ether extracts of green and red sweet pepper seed, respectively. Extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Rats were divided into a normal control group (NC), a control group (FC) consumed drinking water containing 300 ppm sodium fluoride (SFW) and two groups consumed SFW with N1 and N2 administration, respectively. Catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and histopathology were assessed in liver and lung with determination of plasma catalase, MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total bilirubin (TB) and transaminases (ALT and AST). Isoprenoids and α- linolenic acid showed higher percentage in the red variety while higher phenolic contents were present in the green variety. The major phenolic compounds in both seeds were ellagic, chlorogenic and gallic acid. Docosane was the major hydrocarbon in both varieties. Significant increase in MDA, NO, ALT, AST and TB with reduction in TAC and catalase were noticed in FC compared to NC. Severe injuries were observed in lung and hepatic tissues of the FC group. Administered nutraceuticals produced significant improvements in all parameters and in hepatic and pulmonary tissues. Nutraceuticals prepared from pepper seeds afforded protection from hepatic and pulmonary damage due to fluoride exposure which could be related to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00521-4Fluoride toxicitySodium fluorideLungLiverSweet pepper seedsPhytochemicals
spellingShingle Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
Shaimaa E. Mohammed
Enas S. K. Al-Siedy
Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
Discover Food
Fluoride toxicity
Sodium fluoride
Lung
Liver
Sweet pepper seeds
Phytochemicals
title Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
title_full Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
title_fullStr Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
title_full_unstemmed Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
title_short Pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
title_sort pulmonary and hepatic fluorosis in rats and the potential prevention by nutraceuticals prepared from green and red pepper seed
topic Fluoride toxicity
Sodium fluoride
Lung
Liver
Sweet pepper seeds
Phytochemicals
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00521-4
work_keys_str_mv AT saharyalokbi pulmonaryandhepaticfluorosisinratsandthepotentialpreventionbynutraceuticalspreparedfromgreenandredpepperseed
AT shaimaaemohammed pulmonaryandhepaticfluorosisinratsandthepotentialpreventionbynutraceuticalspreparedfromgreenandredpepperseed
AT enasskalsiedy pulmonaryandhepaticfluorosisinratsandthepotentialpreventionbynutraceuticalspreparedfromgreenandredpepperseed