Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i>
<i>Aegilops tauschii</i>, a monocotyledonous annual grass, recognized as a pivotal progenitor of modern wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), serves as the D-genome donor in hexaploid wheat. This diploid species (2n = 2x = 14, DD) harbors a substantial reservoir of genetic div...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/714 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849392731199111168 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaolin Liang Xiaofang Zhang Yibo Li Yifan Ding Hongying Li Ziyuan Hao Ning Wang Xiaojiao Han |
| author_facet | Xiaolin Liang Xiaofang Zhang Yibo Li Yifan Ding Hongying Li Ziyuan Hao Ning Wang Xiaojiao Han |
| author_sort | Xiaolin Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Aegilops tauschii</i>, a monocotyledonous annual grass, recognized as a pivotal progenitor of modern wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), serves as the D-genome donor in hexaploid wheat. This diploid species (2n = 2x = 14, DD) harbors a substantial reservoir of genetic diversity, particularly in terms of biotic and abiotic stress resistance traits. The extensive allelic variation present in its genome has been increasingly utilized for wheat genetic enhancement, particularly through introgression breeding programs aimed at improving yield potential and stress resilience. Heavy metal ATPases (HMAs), which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily and are also known as P1B-type ATPases, play a crucial role in transporting heavy metals and maintaining metal ion homeostasis in plant cells. HMAs have been extensively studied in model plants like <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and rice. However, this family has not been reported in <i>A. tauschii</i>. Here, we conducted the genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of the <i>AetHMA</i> gene family in <i>A. tauschii</i>, resulting in the discovery of a total of nine <i>AetHMA</i> members. Among <i>AetHMA</i> genes, six pairs are large-block duplication genes, which mainly occur among the four genes of <i>AetHMA2</i>, <i>AetHMA4</i>, <i>AetHMA8</i>, and <i>AetHMA9</i>. Additionally, there is one pair that consists of tandem duplication genes (<i>AetHMA6</i>: <i>AetHMA7</i>). All <i>AetHMAs</i> can be classified into six groups (I–VI), which are further divided into two branches: the copper subclasses and the zinc subclasses. Initially, <i>A. tauschii</i> was grown in a 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution and subsequently exposed to four heavy metals: zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd). Following this treatment, the expression profiles of nine <i>AetHMA</i> genes were assessed. The results indicated that, under zinc and manganese stress, the HMA family members exhibited enhanced expression in the leaves, whereas the expression of most members in the roots was downregulated. In the roots, except for <i>AetHMA2</i>, <i>AetHMA5</i>, and <i>AetHMA8</i>, the expression levels of other members were upregulated in response to Cd exposure. Furthermore, <i>AetHMA4</i> diminishes the tolerance of yeast to Mn by increasing the absorption of Mn, while <i>AetHMA8</i> increases the tolerance of yeast to Cd by reducing the absorption of Cd. This study provides experimental data regarding the function of the <i>AetHMA</i> gene in the transport, regulation, and detoxification of heavy metal elements in <i>A. tauschii</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c88defb06f5f4b979e44308e30a69d1c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c88defb06f5f4b979e44308e30a69d1c2025-08-20T03:40:43ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-03-0115371410.3390/agronomy15030714Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i>Xiaolin Liang0Xiaofang Zhang1Yibo Li2Yifan Ding3Hongying Li4Ziyuan Hao5Ning Wang6Xiaojiao Han7College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China<i>Aegilops tauschii</i>, a monocotyledonous annual grass, recognized as a pivotal progenitor of modern wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), serves as the D-genome donor in hexaploid wheat. This diploid species (2n = 2x = 14, DD) harbors a substantial reservoir of genetic diversity, particularly in terms of biotic and abiotic stress resistance traits. The extensive allelic variation present in its genome has been increasingly utilized for wheat genetic enhancement, particularly through introgression breeding programs aimed at improving yield potential and stress resilience. Heavy metal ATPases (HMAs), which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily and are also known as P1B-type ATPases, play a crucial role in transporting heavy metals and maintaining metal ion homeostasis in plant cells. HMAs have been extensively studied in model plants like <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and rice. However, this family has not been reported in <i>A. tauschii</i>. Here, we conducted the genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of the <i>AetHMA</i> gene family in <i>A. tauschii</i>, resulting in the discovery of a total of nine <i>AetHMA</i> members. Among <i>AetHMA</i> genes, six pairs are large-block duplication genes, which mainly occur among the four genes of <i>AetHMA2</i>, <i>AetHMA4</i>, <i>AetHMA8</i>, and <i>AetHMA9</i>. Additionally, there is one pair that consists of tandem duplication genes (<i>AetHMA6</i>: <i>AetHMA7</i>). All <i>AetHMAs</i> can be classified into six groups (I–VI), which are further divided into two branches: the copper subclasses and the zinc subclasses. Initially, <i>A. tauschii</i> was grown in a 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution and subsequently exposed to four heavy metals: zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd). Following this treatment, the expression profiles of nine <i>AetHMA</i> genes were assessed. The results indicated that, under zinc and manganese stress, the HMA family members exhibited enhanced expression in the leaves, whereas the expression of most members in the roots was downregulated. In the roots, except for <i>AetHMA2</i>, <i>AetHMA5</i>, and <i>AetHMA8</i>, the expression levels of other members were upregulated in response to Cd exposure. Furthermore, <i>AetHMA4</i> diminishes the tolerance of yeast to Mn by increasing the absorption of Mn, while <i>AetHMA8</i> increases the tolerance of yeast to Cd by reducing the absorption of Cd. This study provides experimental data regarding the function of the <i>AetHMA</i> gene in the transport, regulation, and detoxification of heavy metal elements in <i>A. tauschii</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/714<i>Aegilops tauschii</i>heavy metal ATPasegenome-wide identificationgene expressionheavy metal stress |
| spellingShingle | Xiaolin Liang Xiaofang Zhang Yibo Li Yifan Ding Hongying Li Ziyuan Hao Ning Wang Xiaojiao Han Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> Agronomy <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> heavy metal ATPase genome-wide identification gene expression heavy metal stress |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Identification of Heavy Metal ATPase Family in <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> and Functional Verification of <i>AetHMA4</i> and <i>AetHMA8</i> |
| title_sort | genome wide identification of heavy metal atpase family in i aegilops tauschii i and functional verification of i aethma4 i and i aethma8 i |
| topic | <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> heavy metal ATPase genome-wide identification gene expression heavy metal stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/3/714 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaolinliang genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT xiaofangzhang genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT yiboli genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT yifanding genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT hongyingli genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT ziyuanhao genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT ningwang genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i AT xiaojiaohan genomewideidentificationofheavymetalatpasefamilyiniaegilopstauschiiiandfunctionalverificationofiaethma4iandiaethma8i |