Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere

High-flying insects that exploit tropospheric winds can disperse over far greater distances in a single generation than species restricted to below-canopy flight. However, the ecological consequences of such long-range dispersal remain poorly understood. For example, high-altitude dispersal may faci...

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Main Authors: Samuel Hodges, Christopher Hassall, Ryan Neely
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4388
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author Samuel Hodges
Christopher Hassall
Ryan Neely
author_facet Samuel Hodges
Christopher Hassall
Ryan Neely
author_sort Samuel Hodges
collection DOAJ
description High-flying insects that exploit tropospheric winds can disperse over far greater distances in a single generation than species restricted to below-canopy flight. However, the ecological consequences of such long-range dispersal remain poorly understood. For example, high-altitude dispersal may facilitate more rapid range shifts in these species and reduce their sensitivity to habitat fragmentation, in contrast to low-flying insects that rely more on terrestrial patch networks. Previous studies have primarily used surface-level variables with limited spatial coverage to explore dispersal timing and movement. In this study, we introduce a novel application of niche modelling to insect aeroecology by examining the relationship between a comprehensive set of atmospheric conditions and high-flying insect activity in the troposphere, as detected by weather surveillance radars (WSRs). We reveal correlations between large-scale dispersal events and atmospheric conditions, identifying key variables that influence dispersal behaviour. By incorporating high-altitude atmospheric conditions into niche models, we achieve significantly higher predictive accuracy compared with models based solely on surface-level conditions. Key predictive factors include the proportion of arable land, altitude, temperature, and relative humidity.
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spelling doaj-art-c88c4ceb076d43ffb8481983e414cf252025-08-20T01:55:45ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011623438810.3390/rs16234388Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the AerosphereSamuel Hodges0Christopher Hassall1Ryan Neely2School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, Fairbairn House, Leeds LS2 9PH, UKHigh-flying insects that exploit tropospheric winds can disperse over far greater distances in a single generation than species restricted to below-canopy flight. However, the ecological consequences of such long-range dispersal remain poorly understood. For example, high-altitude dispersal may facilitate more rapid range shifts in these species and reduce their sensitivity to habitat fragmentation, in contrast to low-flying insects that rely more on terrestrial patch networks. Previous studies have primarily used surface-level variables with limited spatial coverage to explore dispersal timing and movement. In this study, we introduce a novel application of niche modelling to insect aeroecology by examining the relationship between a comprehensive set of atmospheric conditions and high-flying insect activity in the troposphere, as detected by weather surveillance radars (WSRs). We reveal correlations between large-scale dispersal events and atmospheric conditions, identifying key variables that influence dispersal behaviour. By incorporating high-altitude atmospheric conditions into niche models, we achieve significantly higher predictive accuracy compared with models based solely on surface-level conditions. Key predictive factors include the proportion of arable land, altitude, temperature, and relative humidity.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4388weatherniche modellinginsectsmovement ecologyradarremote sensing
spellingShingle Samuel Hodges
Christopher Hassall
Ryan Neely
Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
Remote Sensing
weather
niche modelling
insects
movement ecology
radar
remote sensing
title Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
title_full Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
title_fullStr Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
title_full_unstemmed Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
title_short Weather Radars Reveal Environmental Conditions for High Altitude Insect Movement Through the Aerosphere
title_sort weather radars reveal environmental conditions for high altitude insect movement through the aerosphere
topic weather
niche modelling
insects
movement ecology
radar
remote sensing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4388
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AT christopherhassall weatherradarsrevealenvironmentalconditionsforhighaltitudeinsectmovementthroughtheaerosphere
AT ryanneely weatherradarsrevealenvironmentalconditionsforhighaltitudeinsectmovementthroughtheaerosphere