Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments

Abstract This paper provides a report on a test that was carried out over 20 years ago to demonstrate that two 3He gas proportional neutron sensors could survive a high‐impact penetrator test. This test was carried out as part of a risk reduction effort for a proposed mission that would send multipl...

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Main Authors: David J. Lawrence, Bruce L. Barraclough, Richard C. Elphic, Paul G. Lucey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2025-06-01
Series:Earth and Space Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004091
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author David J. Lawrence
Bruce L. Barraclough
Richard C. Elphic
Paul G. Lucey
author_facet David J. Lawrence
Bruce L. Barraclough
Richard C. Elphic
Paul G. Lucey
author_sort David J. Lawrence
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper provides a report on a test that was carried out over 20 years ago to demonstrate that two 3He gas proportional neutron sensors could survive a high‐impact penetrator test. This test was carried out as part of a risk reduction effort for a proposed mission that would send multiple penetrators to landing locations within lunar permanently shaded regions (PSRs). After landing, the neutron sensors would carry out in situ measurements within the PSRs to quantify the hydrogen abundances within these regions. Two penetrator shots were successfully carried out with the neutron sensors enclosed in the penetrators. The deceleration value for the shots exceeded 1,400 G's over less than 20 milliseconds. Pre‐ and post‐penetration measurements of the 3He sensors show that the sensors themselves suffered no degradation in performance; one non‐spaceflight quality high‐voltage connector did indicate performance degradation. These results provide confidence that these types of 3He neutron sensors could be successfully used in a future penetrator mission to a planetary body.
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spelling doaj-art-c88bb909d4954e75a784fea67180c6fd2025-08-20T02:22:02ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Earth and Space Science2333-50842025-06-01126n/an/a10.1029/2024EA004091Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator ExperimentsDavid J. Lawrence0Bruce L. Barraclough1Richard C. Elphic2Paul G. Lucey3Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel MD USAPlanetary Science Institute Tucson AZ USANASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USAUniversity of Hawaii Honolulu HI USAAbstract This paper provides a report on a test that was carried out over 20 years ago to demonstrate that two 3He gas proportional neutron sensors could survive a high‐impact penetrator test. This test was carried out as part of a risk reduction effort for a proposed mission that would send multiple penetrators to landing locations within lunar permanently shaded regions (PSRs). After landing, the neutron sensors would carry out in situ measurements within the PSRs to quantify the hydrogen abundances within these regions. Two penetrator shots were successfully carried out with the neutron sensors enclosed in the penetrators. The deceleration value for the shots exceeded 1,400 G's over less than 20 milliseconds. Pre‐ and post‐penetration measurements of the 3He sensors show that the sensors themselves suffered no degradation in performance; one non‐spaceflight quality high‐voltage connector did indicate performance degradation. These results provide confidence that these types of 3He neutron sensors could be successfully used in a future penetrator mission to a planetary body.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004091neutronsplanetarypenetratorscomposition
spellingShingle David J. Lawrence
Bruce L. Barraclough
Richard C. Elphic
Paul G. Lucey
Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
Earth and Space Science
neutrons
planetary
penetrators
composition
title Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
title_full Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
title_fullStr Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
title_full_unstemmed Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
title_short Use of 3He Neutron Sensors for Planetary Penetrator Experiments
title_sort use of 3he neutron sensors for planetary penetrator experiments
topic neutrons
planetary
penetrators
composition
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004091
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AT brucelbarraclough useof3heneutronsensorsforplanetarypenetratorexperiments
AT richardcelphic useof3heneutronsensorsforplanetarypenetratorexperiments
AT paulglucey useof3heneutronsensorsforplanetarypenetratorexperiments