Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages

Abstract Pet ownership has been shown to have a positive influence on cognitive functioning and cognitive decline in late adulthood. However, there is limited understanding of how different species of pets are associated with these outcomes in different age groups. This study employed a multilevel m...

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Main Authors: Adriana Rostekova, Charikleia Lampraki, Jürgen Maurer, Clément Meier, Maud Wieczorek, Andreas Ihle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03727-9
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author Adriana Rostekova
Charikleia Lampraki
Jürgen Maurer
Clément Meier
Maud Wieczorek
Andreas Ihle
author_facet Adriana Rostekova
Charikleia Lampraki
Jürgen Maurer
Clément Meier
Maud Wieczorek
Andreas Ihle
author_sort Adriana Rostekova
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Pet ownership has been shown to have a positive influence on cognitive functioning and cognitive decline in late adulthood. However, there is limited understanding of how different species of pets are associated with these outcomes in different age groups. This study employed a multilevel modelling approach using data from eight waves of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to longitudinally examine: (1) the relationship between pet ownership and cognitive decline over 18 years among adults aged 50 and older, (2) The moderating role of younger vs. older age subgroups on this relationship, and (3) the distinct role of owning dogs, cats, birds, and fish. The targeted cognitive domains were executive functioning and episodic memory. Results confirmed that pet ownership is associated with slower decline in both cognitive domains. While age group did not moderate this relationship, differences emerged in the relationship between cognitive decline and individual pet species. Dog and cat ownership was associated with slower cognitive decline compared to no pet ownership; bird and fish ownership showed no such association. These findings suggest that dog and cat ownership might act as a protective factor aiding to slow down cognitive decline, thus contributing to healthy cognitive ageing.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-c87e81163e09402a8aaca1f9a8ac4f062025-08-20T02:00:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-03727-9Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ agesAdriana Rostekova0Charikleia Lampraki1Jürgen Maurer2Clément Meier3Maud Wieczorek4Andreas Ihle5Department of Psychology, University of GenevaDepartment of Psychology, University of GenevaSwiss Centre of Excellence in Life Course Research LIVESSwiss Centre of Excellence in Life Course Research LIVESSwiss Centre of Excellence in Life Course Research LIVESDepartment of Psychology, University of GenevaAbstract Pet ownership has been shown to have a positive influence on cognitive functioning and cognitive decline in late adulthood. However, there is limited understanding of how different species of pets are associated with these outcomes in different age groups. This study employed a multilevel modelling approach using data from eight waves of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to longitudinally examine: (1) the relationship between pet ownership and cognitive decline over 18 years among adults aged 50 and older, (2) The moderating role of younger vs. older age subgroups on this relationship, and (3) the distinct role of owning dogs, cats, birds, and fish. The targeted cognitive domains were executive functioning and episodic memory. Results confirmed that pet ownership is associated with slower decline in both cognitive domains. While age group did not moderate this relationship, differences emerged in the relationship between cognitive decline and individual pet species. Dog and cat ownership was associated with slower cognitive decline compared to no pet ownership; bird and fish ownership showed no such association. These findings suggest that dog and cat ownership might act as a protective factor aiding to slow down cognitive decline, thus contributing to healthy cognitive ageing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03727-9Cognitive ageingExecutive functioningEpisodic memoryPet ownershipHuman-animal interactionOld age
spellingShingle Adriana Rostekova
Charikleia Lampraki
Jürgen Maurer
Clément Meier
Maud Wieczorek
Andreas Ihle
Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
Scientific Reports
Cognitive ageing
Executive functioning
Episodic memory
Pet ownership
Human-animal interaction
Old age
title Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
title_full Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
title_fullStr Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
title_short Longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals’ ages
title_sort longitudinal relationships between pet ownership and cognitive functioning in later adulthood across pet types and individuals ages
topic Cognitive ageing
Executive functioning
Episodic memory
Pet ownership
Human-animal interaction
Old age
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03727-9
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