The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers

The research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the ri...

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Main Authors: Muslim Salam, Muhammad Hatta Jamil, A. Nixia Tenriawaru, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman, Siti Hardiyanti Syam, Rahmadanih, Anggun Ramadhani, Anny Melody Bidangan, Ahmad Imam Muslim, Hamed Noralla Bakheet Ali, Muhammad Ridwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005246
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author Muslim Salam
Muhammad Hatta Jamil
A. Nixia Tenriawaru
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman
Siti Hardiyanti Syam
Rahmadanih
Anggun Ramadhani
Anny Melody Bidangan
Ahmad Imam Muslim
Hamed Noralla Bakheet Ali
Muhammad Ridwan
author_facet Muslim Salam
Muhammad Hatta Jamil
A. Nixia Tenriawaru
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman
Siti Hardiyanti Syam
Rahmadanih
Anggun Ramadhani
Anny Melody Bidangan
Ahmad Imam Muslim
Hamed Noralla Bakheet Ali
Muhammad Ridwan
author_sort Muslim Salam
collection DOAJ
description The research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the rice farmer data. The results indicated that latent variables such as farmer engagement (FER), family resources (FRR), application of product inputs (APR) (β = 3.383), and crop management (CMR, β = −2.712)) all have a significant effect on the effectiveness of agricultural extension (EAR). The findings of this study explained that the FER (β = 0.244), together with the FRR (β = 0.923), exerted a significant influence on the APR, potentially increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the APR (β = 0.777) provided good results on the CMR and EAR. The indirect effect hypothesis shows that the APR and CMR mediated the relationship between FER (β = 0.203), FRR (β = 3.383), and EAR, which emphasizes the importance of APR and CMR. Therefore, in improving the EAR programs, it is recommended that extension agencies and local governments provide support to rice farmers in their participation in agricultural organizations. This support should empower rice farming families, ensure proper allocation of agricultural inputs, and effectively manage rice crops using sustainable management principles. As a result of the findings of this study, individuals responsible for designing and managing agricultural extension programs will also gain important insights and data from the real world. Furthermore, as a consequence, agricultural extension agencies can continue to educate farmers and improve rice farming methods.
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spelling doaj-art-c87bb51bba7947bcb3a2902543f7a69e2025-08-20T01:56:41ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432024-12-011810148710.1016/j.jafr.2024.101487The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmersMuslim Salam0Muhammad Hatta Jamil1A. Nixia Tenriawaru2Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman3Siti Hardiyanti Syam4 Rahmadanih5Anggun Ramadhani6Anny Melody Bidangan7Ahmad Imam Muslim8Hamed Noralla Bakheet Ali9Muhammad Ridwan10Laboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Laboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaLaboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4300 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaLaboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaLaboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaLaboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaLaboratory of Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing, Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, IndonesiaThe United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-shi, Korimoto-ichi-chome 21-ban 24-go, 890-0065, JapanOmdurman Islamic University, Omdurman Abuseeds, Main Campus, Khartoum, Al-Khartoum, P.O. Box 382, 14415, SudanAgricultural Information Institute (AII), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Haidian, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the rice farmer data. The results indicated that latent variables such as farmer engagement (FER), family resources (FRR), application of product inputs (APR) (β = 3.383), and crop management (CMR, β = −2.712)) all have a significant effect on the effectiveness of agricultural extension (EAR). The findings of this study explained that the FER (β = 0.244), together with the FRR (β = 0.923), exerted a significant influence on the APR, potentially increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the APR (β = 0.777) provided good results on the CMR and EAR. The indirect effect hypothesis shows that the APR and CMR mediated the relationship between FER (β = 0.203), FRR (β = 3.383), and EAR, which emphasizes the importance of APR and CMR. Therefore, in improving the EAR programs, it is recommended that extension agencies and local governments provide support to rice farmers in their participation in agricultural organizations. This support should empower rice farming families, ensure proper allocation of agricultural inputs, and effectively manage rice crops using sustainable management principles. As a result of the findings of this study, individuals responsible for designing and managing agricultural extension programs will also gain important insights and data from the real world. Furthermore, as a consequence, agricultural extension agencies can continue to educate farmers and improve rice farming methods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005246EffectivenessAgricultural extensionRice farmingCrop managementStructural equation modeling
spellingShingle Muslim Salam
Muhammad Hatta Jamil
A. Nixia Tenriawaru
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman
Siti Hardiyanti Syam
Rahmadanih
Anggun Ramadhani
Anny Melody Bidangan
Ahmad Imam Muslim
Hamed Noralla Bakheet Ali
Muhammad Ridwan
The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Effectiveness
Agricultural extension
Rice farming
Crop management
Structural equation modeling
title The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
title_full The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
title_fullStr The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
title_full_unstemmed The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
title_short The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
title_sort effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in bantaeng regency indonesia employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
topic Effectiveness
Agricultural extension
Rice farming
Crop management
Structural equation modeling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324005246
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