An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer
Aims: This research aims to measure and compare the fracture resistance and modes of failure of the following three chemically varied computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneering materials: IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Shofu HC. Materials and methods: Twenty-seve...
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| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Saudi Dental Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905220300146 |
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| author | Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh Mena Al-Ani Tuqa ALRawi Ghufran Al-Edressi |
| author_facet | Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh Mena Al-Ani Tuqa ALRawi Ghufran Al-Edressi |
| author_sort | Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims: This research aims to measure and compare the fracture resistance and modes of failure of the following three chemically varied computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneering materials: IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Shofu HC. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven sound human upper premolars were collected and stored in saline at room temperature until the experiment started and were assigned to three groups at random (n = 9). Putty indices were prepared to ensure a standardized butt joint preparation. An InEos X5 scanner was used to scan all the samples, and the resulting data were transferred to a CAD/CAM milling machine for veneer fabrication based on the materials used. Twenty-seven machined ceramic veneers were milled from three different ceramic materials. The cementation process was conducted for each material according to the manufacturer's instructions. To quantify the fracture resistance, all the samples underwent 2000 water cycles in a thermocycler and were then mounted in a universal testing machine at a 90° angle at the occlusal part of the veneer. The modes of failure were determined under a stereomicroscope and grouped into type I, ceramic fracture; type II, combined ceramic and tooth fracture; and type III, root fracture. Results: Shofu HC had the highest mean (±standard deviation) fracture resistance (480.8 ± 92.8 N), followed by IPS e.max CAD (415.9 ± 147.2 N) and Vita Enamic (372.3 ± 123.9 N). However, the results of a one-way analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant differences among the experimental groups (p = 0.194). The different groups exhibited different modes of failure, with ceramic fracture being the most common type of failure. Conclusion: All the materials tested in this study exhibited strong fracture resistance values, thereby indicating their use as veneering materials for the upper premolars. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8782ac01abb481db69f5c56accd14c2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1013-9052 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Dental Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8782ac01abb481db69f5c56accd14c22025-08-20T02:15:54ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522021-11-0133774575210.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.013An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating VeneerAbdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh0Mena Al-Ani1Tuqa ALRawi2Ghufran Al-Edressi3Corresponding author.; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesAims: This research aims to measure and compare the fracture resistance and modes of failure of the following three chemically varied computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneering materials: IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Shofu HC. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven sound human upper premolars were collected and stored in saline at room temperature until the experiment started and were assigned to three groups at random (n = 9). Putty indices were prepared to ensure a standardized butt joint preparation. An InEos X5 scanner was used to scan all the samples, and the resulting data were transferred to a CAD/CAM milling machine for veneer fabrication based on the materials used. Twenty-seven machined ceramic veneers were milled from three different ceramic materials. The cementation process was conducted for each material according to the manufacturer's instructions. To quantify the fracture resistance, all the samples underwent 2000 water cycles in a thermocycler and were then mounted in a universal testing machine at a 90° angle at the occlusal part of the veneer. The modes of failure were determined under a stereomicroscope and grouped into type I, ceramic fracture; type II, combined ceramic and tooth fracture; and type III, root fracture. Results: Shofu HC had the highest mean (±standard deviation) fracture resistance (480.8 ± 92.8 N), followed by IPS e.max CAD (415.9 ± 147.2 N) and Vita Enamic (372.3 ± 123.9 N). However, the results of a one-way analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant differences among the experimental groups (p = 0.194). The different groups exhibited different modes of failure, with ceramic fracture being the most common type of failure. Conclusion: All the materials tested in this study exhibited strong fracture resistance values, thereby indicating their use as veneering materials for the upper premolars.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905220300146CAD/CAMFracture resistanceIPS e.max CADHybrid ceramicVeneersIn vitro |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh Mena Al-Ani Tuqa ALRawi Ghufran Al-Edressi An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer Saudi Dental Journal CAD/CAM Fracture resistance IPS e.max CAD Hybrid ceramic Veneers In vitro |
| title | An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer |
| title_full | An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer |
| title_fullStr | An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer |
| title_full_unstemmed | An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer |
| title_short | An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer |
| title_sort | in vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three cad cam ceramic materials for fabricating veneer |
| topic | CAD/CAM Fracture resistance IPS e.max CAD Hybrid ceramic Veneers In vitro |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905220300146 |
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