B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?

In our previous study, we identified a shift in the synchrotron peak frequency of the blazar B2 1308+326 from 10 ^12.9 to 10 ^14.8 Hz during a flare, suggesting it could be a changing-look blazar (CLB). In this work, we investigate the changing-look behaviour of B2 1308+326 by analysing a newly acqu...

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Main Authors: Ashwani Pandey, Chen Hu, Jian-Min Wang, Bożena Czerny, Yong-Jie Chen, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Yi-Lin Wang, Hao Zhang, Jesús Aceituno
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b7c
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author Ashwani Pandey
Chen Hu
Jian-Min Wang
Bożena Czerny
Yong-Jie Chen
Yu-Yang Songsheng
Yi-Lin Wang
Hao Zhang
Jesús Aceituno
author_facet Ashwani Pandey
Chen Hu
Jian-Min Wang
Bożena Czerny
Yong-Jie Chen
Yu-Yang Songsheng
Yi-Lin Wang
Hao Zhang
Jesús Aceituno
author_sort Ashwani Pandey
collection DOAJ
description In our previous study, we identified a shift in the synchrotron peak frequency of the blazar B2 1308+326 from 10 ^12.9 to 10 ^14.8 Hz during a flare, suggesting it could be a changing-look blazar (CLB). In this work, we investigate the changing-look behaviour of B2 1308+326 by analysing a newly acquired optical spectrum and comparing it with an archival spectrum. We find that between the two epochs, the continuum flux increased by a factor of ~4.4, while the Mg ii emission line flux decreased by a factor of 1.4 ± 0.2. Additionally, the equivalent width of the Mg ii line reduced from ~20 to ~3 Å, indicating an apparent shift from a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) class to a BL Lacertae (BL Lac) class. Despite this apparent change, the ratio of accretion disk luminosity to Eddington luminosity remains >10 ^−2 during both epochs, indicating efficient accretion persists in B2 1308+326. The measured black hole mass remains consistent with an average $\mathrm{log}{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}=8.44$ M _⊙ . Our findings suggest that B2 1308+326 is not a genuine CLB but rather an intrinsic FSRQ that emerges as a BL Lac during high-flux states due to enhanced nonthermal emission.
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spelling doaj-art-c872789c771f4ec3b4a3552cd14160ab2025-08-20T02:52:58ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01978212010.3847/1538-4357/ad9b7cB2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?Ashwani Pandey0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-0887Chen Hu1Jian-Min Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9268Bożena Czerny3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-4333Yong-Jie Chen4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-7673Yu-Yang Songsheng5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-7191Yi-Lin Wang6Hao Zhang7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-0447Jesús Aceituno8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-1105Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.com; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Theoretical Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences, Al.Lotnikov 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, PolandKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.comKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.com; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories of China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of ChinaCenter for Theoretical Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences, Al.Lotnikov 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, PolandKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.com; Dongguan Neutron Science Center , 1 Zhongziyuan Road, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.comKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.com; School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; ashwanitapan@gmail.com; School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaCentro Astronomico Hispano Alemán , Sierra de los filabres sn, E-04550 Gergal, Almería, Spain; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Glorieta de la astronomía sn, E-18008 Granada, SpainIn our previous study, we identified a shift in the synchrotron peak frequency of the blazar B2 1308+326 from 10 ^12.9 to 10 ^14.8 Hz during a flare, suggesting it could be a changing-look blazar (CLB). In this work, we investigate the changing-look behaviour of B2 1308+326 by analysing a newly acquired optical spectrum and comparing it with an archival spectrum. We find that between the two epochs, the continuum flux increased by a factor of ~4.4, while the Mg ii emission line flux decreased by a factor of 1.4 ± 0.2. Additionally, the equivalent width of the Mg ii line reduced from ~20 to ~3 Å, indicating an apparent shift from a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) class to a BL Lacertae (BL Lac) class. Despite this apparent change, the ratio of accretion disk luminosity to Eddington luminosity remains >10 ^−2 during both epochs, indicating efficient accretion persists in B2 1308+326. The measured black hole mass remains consistent with an average $\mathrm{log}{M}_{{\rm{BH}}}=8.44$ M _⊙ . Our findings suggest that B2 1308+326 is not a genuine CLB but rather an intrinsic FSRQ that emerges as a BL Lac during high-flux states due to enhanced nonthermal emission.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b7cFlat-spectrum radio quasarsBlazarsActive galactic nucleiRadio loud quasarsRelativistic jets
spellingShingle Ashwani Pandey
Chen Hu
Jian-Min Wang
Bożena Czerny
Yong-Jie Chen
Yu-Yang Songsheng
Yi-Lin Wang
Hao Zhang
Jesús Aceituno
B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
The Astrophysical Journal
Flat-spectrum radio quasars
Blazars
Active galactic nuclei
Radio loud quasars
Relativistic jets
title B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
title_full B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
title_fullStr B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
title_full_unstemmed B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
title_short B2 1308+326: A Changing-look Blazar or Not?
title_sort b2 1308 326 a changing look blazar or not
topic Flat-spectrum radio quasars
Blazars
Active galactic nuclei
Radio loud quasars
Relativistic jets
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b7c
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