SWISS ADME ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CITRUS AURANTIUM
Background: Citrus aurantium, a well-known medicinal plant, has demonstrated a variety of therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Citrus aurantium is abundant in alkaloids and bioactive flavonoids that have been shown to have therapeutic benefits. O...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
2025-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ijpihs.pk/index.php/IJPIHS/article/view/269 |
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| Summary: | Background: Citrus aurantium, a well-known medicinal plant, has demonstrated a variety of therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Citrus aurantium is abundant in alkaloids and bioactive flavonoids that have been shown to have therapeutic benefits. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the 31 phytochemicals from the Citrus aurantium for pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness profiles. Methodology: SwissADME (Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) was employed to assess various physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds, including lipophilicity, blood-brain barrier permeability, water solubility, as well as potential structural issues flagged by PAINS (Pan-Assay Interference Compounds) and Brenk's alerts. Results: Swiss ADME analysis concludes that kaempferol, apigenin, and naringenin, in particular, show good oral bioavailability, high gastrointestinal absorption, and adherence to important drug-likeness criteria. Conversely, naringin and hesperidin showed several rule violations and poor absorption. About 27% of the compounds could pass through the blood-brain barrier, while 73% of them had high GI absorption. Additionally, a lot of them were easily produced due to their minimal synthetic complexity. There were a few structural alarms among the leading applicants. Conclusion: These results imply that Citrus aurantium has attractive lead chemicals for the creation of new drugs. Nevertheless, additional experimental research is required to confirm their therapeutic potential, safety, and effectiveness.
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| ISSN: | 2958-1656 2789-2840 |