Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach

The study of contagion dynamics is a well-established domain within epidemiology, where the spread of infectious diseases is modeled and analyzed. In recent years, similar methodologies have been applied to the financial sector to understand and predict the propagation of risks within banking system...

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Main Authors: Said Fahim, Hamza Mourad, Mohamed Lahby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:AppliedMath
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/5/1/20
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author Said Fahim
Hamza Mourad
Mohamed Lahby
author_facet Said Fahim
Hamza Mourad
Mohamed Lahby
author_sort Said Fahim
collection DOAJ
description The study of contagion dynamics is a well-established domain within epidemiology, where the spread of infectious diseases is modeled and analyzed. In recent years, similar methodologies have been applied to the financial sector to understand and predict the propagation of risks within banking systems better. This paper examines the application of contagion models to assessing liquidity risk in the banking sector, leveraging optimal control theory to evaluate potential interventions by central banks. Using data from the largest European banks, we simulate the impact of central bank measures on liquidity risk. By employing optimal control techniques, we construct a model capable of simulating various scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions in mitigating financial contagion. Our approach provides a robust framework for analyzing the systemic risk propagation within the banking network, offering qualitative insights into the contagion mechanisms and their implications for the financial and macroeconomic landscape. The model simulates three distinct scenarios, with each representing varying levels of intervention and market conditions. The results demonstrate the model’s ability to capture the intricate interactions among major European banks, reflecting the complex realities of the financial system. These findings emphasize the critical role of central bank policies in maintaining financial stability and underscore the necessity of coordinated international efforts to manage systemic risks. This analysis contributes to a broader understanding of financial contagion, offering valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions aiming to strengthen their resilience against future crises. The data used for the parameters are historical, which may not reflect recent changes in the banking system. The model could also be improved by incorporating non-financial factors, such as the behaviors of market actors. For future research, several improvements are possible. One improvement would be to make the bank interactions more dynamic to reflect rapid market changes better. It would also be interesting to add financial crisis scenarios to test the system’s resilience. Using more up-to-date data and incorporating new regulations would help refine the model. Finally, it would be relevant to examine the impact of external events, such as geopolitical crises, on the propagation of systemic risk. In conclusion, while the model is useful, there are several avenues for improving it and making it more suitable for our current realities.
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spelling doaj-art-c861f5a61bae452585ebca68e4bf11622025-08-20T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGAppliedMath2673-99092025-02-01512010.3390/appliedmath5010020Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control ApproachSaid Fahim0Hamza Mourad1Mohamed Lahby2Higher Normal School, University Hassan II, Casablanca 50069, MoroccoHigher Normal School, University Hassan II, Casablanca 50069, MoroccoHigher Normal School, University Hassan II, Casablanca 50069, MoroccoThe study of contagion dynamics is a well-established domain within epidemiology, where the spread of infectious diseases is modeled and analyzed. In recent years, similar methodologies have been applied to the financial sector to understand and predict the propagation of risks within banking systems better. This paper examines the application of contagion models to assessing liquidity risk in the banking sector, leveraging optimal control theory to evaluate potential interventions by central banks. Using data from the largest European banks, we simulate the impact of central bank measures on liquidity risk. By employing optimal control techniques, we construct a model capable of simulating various scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions in mitigating financial contagion. Our approach provides a robust framework for analyzing the systemic risk propagation within the banking network, offering qualitative insights into the contagion mechanisms and their implications for the financial and macroeconomic landscape. The model simulates three distinct scenarios, with each representing varying levels of intervention and market conditions. The results demonstrate the model’s ability to capture the intricate interactions among major European banks, reflecting the complex realities of the financial system. These findings emphasize the critical role of central bank policies in maintaining financial stability and underscore the necessity of coordinated international efforts to manage systemic risks. This analysis contributes to a broader understanding of financial contagion, offering valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions aiming to strengthen their resilience against future crises. The data used for the parameters are historical, which may not reflect recent changes in the banking system. The model could also be improved by incorporating non-financial factors, such as the behaviors of market actors. For future research, several improvements are possible. One improvement would be to make the bank interactions more dynamic to reflect rapid market changes better. It would also be interesting to add financial crisis scenarios to test the system’s resilience. Using more up-to-date data and incorporating new regulations would help refine the model. Finally, it would be relevant to examine the impact of external events, such as geopolitical crises, on the propagation of systemic risk. In conclusion, while the model is useful, there are several avenues for improving it and making it more suitable for our current realities.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/5/1/20mathematical analysisliquidity riskepidemicoptimal controldynamic contagion modelbanking system
spellingShingle Said Fahim
Hamza Mourad
Mohamed Lahby
Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
AppliedMath
mathematical analysis
liquidity risk
epidemic
optimal control
dynamic contagion model
banking system
title Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
title_full Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
title_fullStr Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
title_full_unstemmed Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
title_short Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Liquidity Risk Contagion in the Banking System Using an Optimal Control Approach
title_sort modeling and mathematical analysis of liquidity risk contagion in the banking system using an optimal control approach
topic mathematical analysis
liquidity risk
epidemic
optimal control
dynamic contagion model
banking system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9909/5/1/20
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