Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential
<i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms, common bulk edible fungi, have considerable culinary and medicinal value. The Qinling region, represented by Zhashui County, is the main production area of <i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms in China. In this study, two wild <i>Auricularia</i&...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Jianzhao Qi Shijie Kang Ming Zhang Shen Qi Yulai Li Khassanov Vadim Shuangtian Du Minglei Li |
| author_facet | Jianzhao Qi Shijie Kang Ming Zhang Shen Qi Yulai Li Khassanov Vadim Shuangtian Du Minglei Li |
| author_sort | Jianzhao Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms, common bulk edible fungi, have considerable culinary and medicinal value. The Qinling region, represented by Zhashui County, is the main production area of <i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms in China. In this study, two wild <i>Auricularia</i> strains, M12 and M13, selected from the Qinling region for their desirable horticultural traits after domestication, were sequenced and characterized. Sequencing assembly results based on Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio Sequel II HiFi showed that the M12 genome was 56.04 Mbp in size, with 2.58% heterozygosity and 14.13% repetitive sequences, and was anchored on 12 chromosomes using HI-C technology. In contrast, the M13 genome was 52.10 Mbp, showed 2.34% heterozygosity, 13.89% repetitive sequences, and was assembled into 12 scaffolds. Collinearity analysis revealed extensive homologous regions between the M12 and M13 genomes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the divergence between M12 and M13 occurred approximately 4.575 million years ago (MYAs), while their divergence from <i>Auricularia subglabra</i> TFB-10046 SS5 occurred approximately 33.537 MYAs. Analyses of CYP450, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and gene family expansion/contraction revealed distinct genomic features between the two strains. SSR and LTR insertion time analyses revealed the genome dynamics of the two strains during their evolution. Analysis of secondary metabolite-associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provides powerful clues to understand the origin of bioactive compounds in the <i>Auricularia</i> mushroom. This work represents the first genome sequencing of the <i>Auricularia</i> species derived from the Qinling region. These results not only enriched our understanding of the <i>Auricularia</i> genome but also provided an important genomic resource and theoretical basis for the subsequent genetic breeding, functional gene mining, and development of medicinal components of <i>Auricularia</i> species. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-c859137b1e8247c5a2c348c89cbb9bb72025-08-20T03:14:43ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-05-0111539510.3390/jof11050395Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite PotentialJianzhao Qi0Shijie Kang1Ming Zhang2Shen Qi3Yulai Li4Khassanov Vadim5Shuangtian Du6Minglei Li7Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaDepartment of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Zhenis Avenue, Astana 010011, KazakhstanCenter of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCenter of Edible Fungi, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China<i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms, common bulk edible fungi, have considerable culinary and medicinal value. The Qinling region, represented by Zhashui County, is the main production area of <i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms in China. In this study, two wild <i>Auricularia</i> strains, M12 and M13, selected from the Qinling region for their desirable horticultural traits after domestication, were sequenced and characterized. Sequencing assembly results based on Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio Sequel II HiFi showed that the M12 genome was 56.04 Mbp in size, with 2.58% heterozygosity and 14.13% repetitive sequences, and was anchored on 12 chromosomes using HI-C technology. In contrast, the M13 genome was 52.10 Mbp, showed 2.34% heterozygosity, 13.89% repetitive sequences, and was assembled into 12 scaffolds. Collinearity analysis revealed extensive homologous regions between the M12 and M13 genomes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the divergence between M12 and M13 occurred approximately 4.575 million years ago (MYAs), while their divergence from <i>Auricularia subglabra</i> TFB-10046 SS5 occurred approximately 33.537 MYAs. Analyses of CYP450, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and gene family expansion/contraction revealed distinct genomic features between the two strains. SSR and LTR insertion time analyses revealed the genome dynamics of the two strains during their evolution. Analysis of secondary metabolite-associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provides powerful clues to understand the origin of bioactive compounds in the <i>Auricularia</i> mushroom. This work represents the first genome sequencing of the <i>Auricularia</i> species derived from the Qinling region. These results not only enriched our understanding of the <i>Auricularia</i> genome but also provided an important genomic resource and theoretical basis for the subsequent genetic breeding, functional gene mining, and development of medicinal components of <i>Auricularia</i> species.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/395<i>Auricularia</i> spp.genome sequencingQinling region |
| spellingShingle | Jianzhao Qi Shijie Kang Ming Zhang Shen Qi Yulai Li Khassanov Vadim Shuangtian Du Minglei Li Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential Journal of Fungi <i>Auricularia</i> spp. genome sequencing Qinling region |
| title | Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential |
| title_full | Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential |
| title_fullStr | Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential |
| title_short | Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential |
| title_sort | genomic sequencing and characterization of two i auricularia i species from the qinling region insights into evolutionary dynamics and secondary metabolite potential |
| topic | <i>Auricularia</i> spp. genome sequencing Qinling region |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/5/395 |
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