Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light

This study explores the development and application of an eco-friendly nanocomposite, OP-ZF@CN, for the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) in water. Antibiotics like ENR are persistent environmental pollutants, and conventional wastewater treatments are insufficient for their removal. Photocatalysis...

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Main Authors: Muchammad Tamyiz, Medya Fitri, Zahrotul Azizah, Nabila Asmarani, Inayah Rahma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) 2025-07-01
Series:Advances in Environmental Technology
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Online Access:https://aet.irost.ir/article_1528_e6c2adb69829b85437aad479e9602ade.pdf
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author Muchammad Tamyiz
Medya Fitri
Zahrotul Azizah
Nabila Asmarani
Inayah Rahma
author_facet Muchammad Tamyiz
Medya Fitri
Zahrotul Azizah
Nabila Asmarani
Inayah Rahma
author_sort Muchammad Tamyiz
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the development and application of an eco-friendly nanocomposite, OP-ZF@CN, for the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) in water. Antibiotics like ENR are persistent environmental pollutants, and conventional wastewater treatments are insufficient for their removal. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution, offering a cost-effective, non-toxic, and efficient method for degrading contaminants. In this work, a heterojunction was formed between graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, 2DCN) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZF), synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The resulting OP-ZF@CN nanocomposite combines the advantages of both components, improving photocatalytic performance by reducing the bandgap of 2DCN from 2.83 eV to 2.60 eV. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful formation of the heterojunction, with ZF nanoparticles evenly distributed on the CN surface. The photocatalytic degradation of ENR was assessed under visible light, showing that OP-ZF@CN achieved a 99% degradation rate, significantly outperforming pure 2DCN and ZF. The enhanced performance could be attributed to the synergistic interaction between adsorption and photocatalysis, with rapid adsorption reaching equilibrium within 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity of OP-ZF@CN was found to be 62.23 mg g-1, as determined by Langmuir and Sips isotherm models. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency, removing ENR 10 times faster than 2DCN alone. The study also demonstrated that OP-ZF@CN had a maximum adsorption capacity of 11.08 mg g-1 in a 10 mg L-1 ENR solution, significantly improving adsorption compared to pure 2DCN. These results were further supported by kinetic studies, indicating that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. These findings suggest that OP-ZF@CN is a highly effective material for environmental applications, particularly in wastewater treatment for antibiotic removal, with a promising potential for large-scale use.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2476-6674
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)
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spelling doaj-art-c842e20ece21488e9ec09d15828212872025-08-20T02:35:22ZengIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Advances in Environmental Technology2476-66742476-47792025-07-0111325426510.22104/aet.2025.7146.19661528Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible lightMuchammad Tamyiz0Medya Fitri1Zahrotul Azizah2Nabila Asmarani3Inayah Rahma4Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, IndonesiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, IndonesiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, IndonesiaThis study explores the development and application of an eco-friendly nanocomposite, OP-ZF@CN, for the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) in water. Antibiotics like ENR are persistent environmental pollutants, and conventional wastewater treatments are insufficient for their removal. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution, offering a cost-effective, non-toxic, and efficient method for degrading contaminants. In this work, a heterojunction was formed between graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, 2DCN) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4, ZF), synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The resulting OP-ZF@CN nanocomposite combines the advantages of both components, improving photocatalytic performance by reducing the bandgap of 2DCN from 2.83 eV to 2.60 eV. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful formation of the heterojunction, with ZF nanoparticles evenly distributed on the CN surface. The photocatalytic degradation of ENR was assessed under visible light, showing that OP-ZF@CN achieved a 99% degradation rate, significantly outperforming pure 2DCN and ZF. The enhanced performance could be attributed to the synergistic interaction between adsorption and photocatalysis, with rapid adsorption reaching equilibrium within 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity of OP-ZF@CN was found to be 62.23 mg g-1, as determined by Langmuir and Sips isotherm models. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency, removing ENR 10 times faster than 2DCN alone. The study also demonstrated that OP-ZF@CN had a maximum adsorption capacity of 11.08 mg g-1 in a 10 mg L-1 ENR solution, significantly improving adsorption compared to pure 2DCN. These results were further supported by kinetic studies, indicating that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. These findings suggest that OP-ZF@CN is a highly effective material for environmental applications, particularly in wastewater treatment for antibiotic removal, with a promising potential for large-scale use.https://aet.irost.ir/article_1528_e6c2adb69829b85437aad479e9602ade.pdfenrofloxacin degradationgraphitic carbon nitride (g-c3n4)nanocompositephotocatalysiszinc ferrite (znfe2o4)
spellingShingle Muchammad Tamyiz
Medya Fitri
Zahrotul Azizah
Nabila Asmarani
Inayah Rahma
Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
Advances in Environmental Technology
enrofloxacin degradation
graphitic carbon nitride (g-c3n4)
nanocomposite
photocatalysis
zinc ferrite (znfe2o4)
title Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
title_full Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
title_fullStr Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
title_full_unstemmed Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
title_short Easy one-pot synthesis of Zinc Ferrite@Graphitic Carbon Nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
title_sort easy one pot synthesis of zinc ferrite graphitic carbon nitride for combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin under visible light
topic enrofloxacin degradation
graphitic carbon nitride (g-c3n4)
nanocomposite
photocatalysis
zinc ferrite (znfe2o4)
url https://aet.irost.ir/article_1528_e6c2adb69829b85437aad479e9602ade.pdf
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