Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an acute brain injury caused by mechanical forces to the head, excluding those related to drugs, alcohol, medications, or other conditions, such as systemic injuries, psychological trauma, or coexisting medical issues. TBI is a global public h...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Medicine
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR) |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJAR/article/view/65856 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849246286418542592 |
|---|---|
| author | Tedy Apriawan Alivery Raihanada Armando Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin |
| author_facet | Tedy Apriawan Alivery Raihanada Armando Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin |
| author_sort | Tedy Apriawan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an acute brain injury caused by mechanical forces to the head, excluding those related to drugs, alcohol, medications, or other conditions, such as systemic injuries, psychological trauma, or coexisting medical issues. TBI is a global public health issue responsible for significant disability and mortality, with an estimated global incidence of 69 to over 100 million new cases annually. This burden may be higher due to underreporting, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Several methods have been established to classify TBI, one of them is based on its severity with the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Pneumonia is a frequent complication in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, especially those on prolonged mechanical ventilation. Pneumonia could be classified based on the source of infection into ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Objective: To evaluate the mortality and risk factors of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) with pneumonia.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with observational analytical investigations. The sample of this study is sTBI patients who were treated in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients' characteristics. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to find relationship between factors that increase the risk of death and the development of pneumonia.
Results: In 2023, we documented 832 TBI cases, of these, 479 cases (57.6%) were mild TBI, 273 cases (32.8%) were moderate brain injuries, while severe brain injuries (sTBI) with 80 cases (9.6%). Our study shows that 50% of patients with sTBI have pneumonia, and VAP itself is one of the contributing factors to mortality in this population (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Of all types of pneumonia in this study, there is a statistical correlation between mortality and VAP in sTBI patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c826ae77e08542aa9def6349fa4a9f6e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2722-4554 2686-021X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Medicine |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR) |
| spelling | doaj-art-c826ae77e08542aa9def6349fa4a9f6e2025-08-20T03:58:32ZengUniversitas Airlangga, Faculty of MedicineIndonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR)2722-45542686-021X2025-07-0172667510.20473/ijar.V7I22025.66-7564024Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective StudyTedy Apriawan0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4063-0982Alivery Raihanada Armando1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-5761Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4511-9943Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, SurabayaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, SurabayaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, SurabayaIntroduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an acute brain injury caused by mechanical forces to the head, excluding those related to drugs, alcohol, medications, or other conditions, such as systemic injuries, psychological trauma, or coexisting medical issues. TBI is a global public health issue responsible for significant disability and mortality, with an estimated global incidence of 69 to over 100 million new cases annually. This burden may be higher due to underreporting, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Several methods have been established to classify TBI, one of them is based on its severity with the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Pneumonia is a frequent complication in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, especially those on prolonged mechanical ventilation. Pneumonia could be classified based on the source of infection into ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objective: To evaluate the mortality and risk factors of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) with pneumonia. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with observational analytical investigations. The sample of this study is sTBI patients who were treated in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients' characteristics. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to find relationship between factors that increase the risk of death and the development of pneumonia. Results: In 2023, we documented 832 TBI cases, of these, 479 cases (57.6%) were mild TBI, 273 cases (32.8%) were moderate brain injuries, while severe brain injuries (sTBI) with 80 cases (9.6%). Our study shows that 50% of patients with sTBI have pneumonia, and VAP itself is one of the contributing factors to mortality in this population (p<0.001). Conclusion: Of all types of pneumonia in this study, there is a statistical correlation between mortality and VAP in sTBI patients.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJAR/article/view/65856developing countriesmortalitypneumoniatraumatic brain injury |
| spellingShingle | Tedy Apriawan Alivery Raihanada Armando Muhammad Fadhil Kamaruddin Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR) developing countries mortality pneumonia traumatic brain injury |
| title | Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study |
| title_full | Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study |
| title_fullStr | Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study |
| title_short | Mortality Determinants in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study |
| title_sort | mortality determinants in severe traumatic brain injury with pneumonia a retrospective study |
| topic | developing countries mortality pneumonia traumatic brain injury |
| url | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJAR/article/view/65856 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tedyapriawan mortalitydeterminantsinseveretraumaticbraininjurywithpneumoniaaretrospectivestudy AT aliveryraihanadaarmando mortalitydeterminantsinseveretraumaticbraininjurywithpneumoniaaretrospectivestudy AT muhammadfadhilkamaruddin mortalitydeterminantsinseveretraumaticbraininjurywithpneumoniaaretrospectivestudy |