In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling
We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn&g...
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| author | Hui Yang Peng-Yu Li Bo Yu |
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| description | We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane quadrupole field with ferromagnetic spin interaction, and the BECs is confined by a harmonic trap. Without rotation, as the quadrupole field strength is increased, the spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> BECs with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling (SOC) evolves from the initial Thomas–Fermi phase into the stripe phase; then, it enters a vortex–antivortex cluster state and eventually a polar-core vortex state. In the absence of rotation with the given quadrupole field, the enhancing SU(3) SOC strength can cause a phase transition from a central Mermin–Ho vortex to a vortex–antivortex cluster, subsequently converting to a bending vortex–antivortex chain. In addition, when considering rotation, it is found that this system generates the following five typical quantum phases: a three-vortex-chain cluster structure with mutual angles of approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, a tree-fork-like vortex chain cluster, a rotationally symmetric vortex necklace, a diagonal vortex chain cluster, and a density hole vortex cluster. Particularly, the system exhibits unusual topological structures and spin textures, such as a bending half-skyrmion–half-antiskyrmion (meron–antimeron) chain, three half-skyrmion (meron) chains with mutual angles of an approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, slightly curved diagonal half-skyrmion (meron) cluster lattice, a skyrmion–half-skyrmion (skyrmion-meron) necklace, and a tree-fork-like half-skyrmion (meron) chain cluster lattice. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c81f1decd4ab4ff2ac88cdeb7d2e97f62025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-05-0127550810.3390/e27050508In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit CouplingHui Yang0Peng-Yu Li1Bo Yu2Department of Physics, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, ChinaWe study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane quadrupole field with ferromagnetic spin interaction, and the BECs is confined by a harmonic trap. Without rotation, as the quadrupole field strength is increased, the spin <i>F</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> BECs with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling (SOC) evolves from the initial Thomas–Fermi phase into the stripe phase; then, it enters a vortex–antivortex cluster state and eventually a polar-core vortex state. In the absence of rotation with the given quadrupole field, the enhancing SU(3) SOC strength can cause a phase transition from a central Mermin–Ho vortex to a vortex–antivortex cluster, subsequently converting to a bending vortex–antivortex chain. In addition, when considering rotation, it is found that this system generates the following five typical quantum phases: a three-vortex-chain cluster structure with mutual angles of approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, a tree-fork-like vortex chain cluster, a rotationally symmetric vortex necklace, a diagonal vortex chain cluster, and a density hole vortex cluster. Particularly, the system exhibits unusual topological structures and spin textures, such as a bending half-skyrmion–half-antiskyrmion (meron–antimeron) chain, three half-skyrmion (meron) chains with mutual angles of an approximately <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>, slightly curved diagonal half-skyrmion (meron) cluster lattice, a skyrmion–half-skyrmion (skyrmion-meron) necklace, and a tree-fork-like half-skyrmion (meron) chain cluster lattice.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/508topological defectsin-plane gradient magnetic fieldSU(3) SOCspin <i>F</i> = 1 Bose–Einstein condensates |
| spellingShingle | Hui Yang Peng-Yu Li Bo Yu In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling Entropy topological defects in-plane gradient magnetic field SU(3) SOC spin <i>F</i> = 1 Bose–Einstein condensates |
| title | In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling |
| title_full | In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling |
| title_fullStr | In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling |
| title_short | In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling |
| title_sort | in plane gradient magnetic field induced topological defects in rotating spin 1 bose einstein condensates with su 3 spin orbit coupling |
| topic | topological defects in-plane gradient magnetic field SU(3) SOC spin <i>F</i> = 1 Bose–Einstein condensates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/508 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huiyang inplanegradientmagneticfieldinducedtopologicaldefectsinrotatingspin1boseeinsteincondensateswithsu3spinorbitcoupling AT pengyuli inplanegradientmagneticfieldinducedtopologicaldefectsinrotatingspin1boseeinsteincondensateswithsu3spinorbitcoupling AT boyu inplanegradientmagneticfieldinducedtopologicaldefectsinrotatingspin1boseeinsteincondensateswithsu3spinorbitcoupling |