In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products
IntroductionModern oral nicotine pouch products (ONPs) are a category of oral nicotine products which contain pharmaceutical-grade nicotine, flavors, and other food-grade ingredients but no tobacco leaf. Recent reports indicate that ONPs in general do not contain (or only at minimal levels) the harm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Toxicology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2024.1452274/full |
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| author | Brian M. Keyser Robert Leverette Reagan McRae John Wertman Tom Shutsky Ken Szeliga Patrudu Makena Kristen G. Jordan |
| author_facet | Brian M. Keyser Robert Leverette Reagan McRae John Wertman Tom Shutsky Ken Szeliga Patrudu Makena Kristen G. Jordan |
| author_sort | Brian M. Keyser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionModern oral nicotine pouch products (ONPs) are a category of oral nicotine products which contain pharmaceutical-grade nicotine, flavors, and other food-grade ingredients but no tobacco leaf. Recent reports indicate that ONPs in general do not contain (or only at minimal levels) the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) identified in cigarette smoke, suggesting their potential as alternative products for reducing harm from cigarette smoking.MethodsWe assessed in vitro toxicological effects of eight ONPs, designated as modern oral (MO) 1 to 8 along with an ONP, an oral tobacco (snus), and a combustible cigarette market comparator using established regulatory toxicological assays including Ames, in vitro micronucleus (ivMN), and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays.ResultsThe MO test products 1-7 ZYN wintergreen, and General Snus white mint were negative for mutagenicity (Ames assay), genotoxicity (ivMN), and cytotoxicity (NRU). The combustible cigarette was positive in all three assays. The MO-8 test product was negative for mutagenicity; however, it was positive in the ivMN and NRU assays at concentrations either 42 to 135-fold based on the ivMN i to iv treatment schedule or 60-fold higher, respectively, when compared to combustible cigarettes.DiscussionThus, the MO test products are likely to be less harmful than combustible cigarettes and are alternatives to cigarettes. However, understanding of long-term effects of ONPs in general requires additional research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c8167f896357405889fcb97b31216071 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-3080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c8167f896357405889fcb97b312160712025-08-20T02:07:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Toxicology2673-30802024-11-01610.3389/ftox.2024.14522741452274In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine productsBrian M. KeyserRobert LeveretteReagan McRaeJohn WertmanTom ShutskyKen SzeligaPatrudu MakenaKristen G. JordanIntroductionModern oral nicotine pouch products (ONPs) are a category of oral nicotine products which contain pharmaceutical-grade nicotine, flavors, and other food-grade ingredients but no tobacco leaf. Recent reports indicate that ONPs in general do not contain (or only at minimal levels) the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) identified in cigarette smoke, suggesting their potential as alternative products for reducing harm from cigarette smoking.MethodsWe assessed in vitro toxicological effects of eight ONPs, designated as modern oral (MO) 1 to 8 along with an ONP, an oral tobacco (snus), and a combustible cigarette market comparator using established regulatory toxicological assays including Ames, in vitro micronucleus (ivMN), and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays.ResultsThe MO test products 1-7 ZYN wintergreen, and General Snus white mint were negative for mutagenicity (Ames assay), genotoxicity (ivMN), and cytotoxicity (NRU). The combustible cigarette was positive in all three assays. The MO-8 test product was negative for mutagenicity; however, it was positive in the ivMN and NRU assays at concentrations either 42 to 135-fold based on the ivMN i to iv treatment schedule or 60-fold higher, respectively, when compared to combustible cigarettes.DiscussionThus, the MO test products are likely to be less harmful than combustible cigarettes and are alternatives to cigarettes. However, understanding of long-term effects of ONPs in general requires additional research.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2024.1452274/fullmodern oral nicotine pouchesin vitro toxicity assaysmutagenicitygenotoxicitycytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Brian M. Keyser Robert Leverette Reagan McRae John Wertman Tom Shutsky Ken Szeliga Patrudu Makena Kristen G. Jordan In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products Frontiers in Toxicology modern oral nicotine pouches in vitro toxicity assays mutagenicity genotoxicity cytotoxicity |
| title | In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| title_full | In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| title_fullStr | In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| title_short | In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| title_sort | in vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products |
| topic | modern oral nicotine pouches in vitro toxicity assays mutagenicity genotoxicity cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2024.1452274/full |
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