3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose

Abstract Jerada coal mining generates extensive coal mine waste rock (CMWR) piles rich in valuable minerals, posing environmental challenges and economic opportunities. This study examines reprocessing feasibility through 3D geometallurgical characterization. Sampling used down the hole hammer drill...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ayoub El Aallaoui, Abdellatif Elghali, Rachid Hakkou, Yassine Taha, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Mustapha El Ghorfi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-02-01
Series:International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-025-00756-7
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850190428504064000
author Ayoub El Aallaoui
Abdellatif Elghali
Rachid Hakkou
Yassine Taha
Mostafa Benzaazoua
Mustapha El Ghorfi
author_facet Ayoub El Aallaoui
Abdellatif Elghali
Rachid Hakkou
Yassine Taha
Mostafa Benzaazoua
Mustapha El Ghorfi
author_sort Ayoub El Aallaoui
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Jerada coal mining generates extensive coal mine waste rock (CMWR) piles rich in valuable minerals, posing environmental challenges and economic opportunities. This study examines reprocessing feasibility through 3D geometallurgical characterization. Sampling used down the hole hammer drilling technique (DTH) and drone surveys for topographical precision. Over 620 samples from (T01, T02, T08) underwent comprehensive analyses including particle size distribution, x-ray fluorescence (XRF), total sulfur/carbon analysis (S/C), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for physical–chemical characterization. Mineralogical aspects were explored via optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Quantitative mineral evaluation by scanning electron microscope (QEMSCAN) provided mineral insights. Chemical data was used in a 3D block model to quantify residual coal. Results for the three examined CMWR piles (T01, T02, and T08) showed varying D80 from 160 to 300 µm, notable carbon content averaged 12.5 wt% (T01), 16 wt% (T02), and 8.5 wt% (T08). Sulfur presence exceeded 1 wt% in T08, and potential environmental concerns due to iron sulfides. Anthracite liberation was below 30 wt%. 3D modeling estimated a total volume of 7 Mm3, mainly from T08, equaling 11.2 Mt. With its high carbon content and substantial tonnages, re-exploitation or alternative applications could minimize these CMWR piles environmental impact.
format Article
id doaj-art-c811d82d912146e08c7c2b8b4de517dd
institution OA Journals
issn 2095-8293
2198-7823
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
spelling doaj-art-c811d82d912146e08c7c2b8b4de517dd2025-08-20T02:15:17ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Coal Science & Technology2095-82932198-78232025-02-0112112410.1007/s40789-025-00756-73D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purposeAyoub El Aallaoui0Abdellatif Elghali1Rachid Hakkou2Yassine Taha3Mostafa Benzaazoua4Mustapha El Ghorfi5Laboratory of Geo Resources, Geo Environment and Civil Engineering (L3G), Faculty of Science and Technology Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA)Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)Laboratory of Geo Resources, Geo Environment and Civil Engineering (L3G), Faculty of Science and Technology Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA)Abstract Jerada coal mining generates extensive coal mine waste rock (CMWR) piles rich in valuable minerals, posing environmental challenges and economic opportunities. This study examines reprocessing feasibility through 3D geometallurgical characterization. Sampling used down the hole hammer drilling technique (DTH) and drone surveys for topographical precision. Over 620 samples from (T01, T02, T08) underwent comprehensive analyses including particle size distribution, x-ray fluorescence (XRF), total sulfur/carbon analysis (S/C), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for physical–chemical characterization. Mineralogical aspects were explored via optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Quantitative mineral evaluation by scanning electron microscope (QEMSCAN) provided mineral insights. Chemical data was used in a 3D block model to quantify residual coal. Results for the three examined CMWR piles (T01, T02, and T08) showed varying D80 from 160 to 300 µm, notable carbon content averaged 12.5 wt% (T01), 16 wt% (T02), and 8.5 wt% (T08). Sulfur presence exceeded 1 wt% in T08, and potential environmental concerns due to iron sulfides. Anthracite liberation was below 30 wt%. 3D modeling estimated a total volume of 7 Mm3, mainly from T08, equaling 11.2 Mt. With its high carbon content and substantial tonnages, re-exploitation or alternative applications could minimize these CMWR piles environmental impact.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-025-00756-7Waste rockCoal mine waste rockGeochemistry3D ModelingGeometallurgyJerada mine
spellingShingle Ayoub El Aallaoui
Abdellatif Elghali
Rachid Hakkou
Yassine Taha
Mostafa Benzaazoua
Mustapha El Ghorfi
3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
Waste rock
Coal mine waste rock
Geochemistry
3D Modeling
Geometallurgy
Jerada mine
title 3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
title_full 3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
title_fullStr 3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
title_full_unstemmed 3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
title_short 3D geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
title_sort 3d geometallurgical characterization of coal mine waste rock piles for their reprocessing purpose
topic Waste rock
Coal mine waste rock
Geochemistry
3D Modeling
Geometallurgy
Jerada mine
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-025-00756-7
work_keys_str_mv AT ayoubelaallaoui 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose
AT abdellatifelghali 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose
AT rachidhakkou 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose
AT yassinetaha 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose
AT mostafabenzaazoua 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose
AT mustaphaelghorfi 3dgeometallurgicalcharacterizationofcoalminewasterockpilesfortheirreprocessingpurpose