Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study

# Background Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investig...

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Main Authors: Chelsea L. Martin, Kelly R. Evenson, Justin B. Moore, Stephen Marshall, Jakob Wolf, Garrett Fernandez, Kristen Nicholson, Franco Impellizzeri, Patrick Ward, Ian Shrier, Nathan O'Connell, Charles Thigpen, Ellen Shanley, Daniel Kline, Matthew Hartshorne, Garrett Bullock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North American Sports Medicine Institute 2025-05-01
Series:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134013
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author Chelsea L. Martin
Kelly R. Evenson
Justin B. Moore
Stephen Marshall
Jakob Wolf
Garrett Fernandez
Kristen Nicholson
Franco Impellizzeri
Patrick Ward
Ian Shrier
Nathan O'Connell
Charles Thigpen
Ellen Shanley
Daniel Kline
Matthew Hartshorne
Garrett Bullock
author_facet Chelsea L. Martin
Kelly R. Evenson
Justin B. Moore
Stephen Marshall
Jakob Wolf
Garrett Fernandez
Kristen Nicholson
Franco Impellizzeri
Patrick Ward
Ian Shrier
Nathan O'Connell
Charles Thigpen
Ellen Shanley
Daniel Kline
Matthew Hartshorne
Garrett Bullock
author_sort Chelsea L. Martin
collection DOAJ
description # Background Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake (i.e., proportion of initial use) and adherence (i.e., proportion of continued use) of wearable and portable biomechanical devices among collegiate baseball pitchers during a single summer training season. # Methods Uptake, adherence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for a commercially available biomechanical pitching sleeve during practice, and use of a force plate during a countermovement jump task for a minimum of one time per week per the established protocol. Potential non-response bias analyses were assessed descriptively by comparing medical history, clinical measures, and pitching patterns among athletes that continued and discontinued using the biomechanical devices. # Results Twenty-two pitchers participated. The uptake for initiating force plate use was 0.32 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.55); uptake for the pitching sleeve was 0.55 (0.32, 0.76). Adherence for force plate use was 0.46 (0.31, 0.70), compared to 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) for the pitch sleeve. Potential non-response bias analysis revealed pitchers with no previous upper extremity injury in the prior season (n=14) were more likely to use the pitching sleeve beyond the first session (43%) than those who had reported a previous season UE injury at study baseline (13%). # Conclusions Variable uptake and adherence was observed across devices and players. Addressing barriers/facilitators to increase uptake and adherence is necessary to inform future studies on the effect of these devices on preventing injury using training load, kinetic, and kinematic data monitoring.
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spelling doaj-art-c80b4e6cb0f24323bd99ed4640ecacb22025-08-20T02:19:50ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962025-05-0120510.26603/001c.134013Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility StudyChelsea L. MartinKelly R. EvensonJustin B. MooreStephen MarshallJakob WolfGarrett FernandezKristen NicholsonFranco ImpellizzeriPatrick WardIan ShrierNathan O'ConnellCharles ThigpenEllen ShanleyDaniel KlineMatthew HartshorneGarrett Bullock# Background Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake (i.e., proportion of initial use) and adherence (i.e., proportion of continued use) of wearable and portable biomechanical devices among collegiate baseball pitchers during a single summer training season. # Methods Uptake, adherence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for a commercially available biomechanical pitching sleeve during practice, and use of a force plate during a countermovement jump task for a minimum of one time per week per the established protocol. Potential non-response bias analyses were assessed descriptively by comparing medical history, clinical measures, and pitching patterns among athletes that continued and discontinued using the biomechanical devices. # Results Twenty-two pitchers participated. The uptake for initiating force plate use was 0.32 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.55); uptake for the pitching sleeve was 0.55 (0.32, 0.76). Adherence for force plate use was 0.46 (0.31, 0.70), compared to 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) for the pitch sleeve. Potential non-response bias analysis revealed pitchers with no previous upper extremity injury in the prior season (n=14) were more likely to use the pitching sleeve beyond the first session (43%) than those who had reported a previous season UE injury at study baseline (13%). # Conclusions Variable uptake and adherence was observed across devices and players. Addressing barriers/facilitators to increase uptake and adherence is necessary to inform future studies on the effect of these devices on preventing injury using training load, kinetic, and kinematic data monitoring.https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134013
spellingShingle Chelsea L. Martin
Kelly R. Evenson
Justin B. Moore
Stephen Marshall
Jakob Wolf
Garrett Fernandez
Kristen Nicholson
Franco Impellizzeri
Patrick Ward
Ian Shrier
Nathan O'Connell
Charles Thigpen
Ellen Shanley
Daniel Kline
Matthew Hartshorne
Garrett Bullock
Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
title Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
title_full Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
title_fullStr Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
title_full_unstemmed Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
title_short Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study
title_sort using biomechanical devices in elite baseball pitchers a preliminary feasibility study
url https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134013
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