Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Sn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. Thi...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Woo-Jin Lee Yu-Jeong Min Heon-Cheol Shin |
| author_facet | Woo-Jin Lee Yu-Jeong Min Heon-Cheol Shin |
| author_sort | Woo-Jin Lee |
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| description | Sn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. This study reports the fabrication of core (Sn rod)-shell (mesoporous Sn-oxide layer) structures through electrodeposition followed by anodization, and their applications to anode active materials for LIBs. First, micro-Sn rods with controlled lengths and diameters were fabricated under various electrodeposition conditions. The electrodeposited Sn exhibited a dendritic structure with short secondary rods branching from a long primary rod. While the primary Sn rod diameters remained constant, the secondary rod diameters varied depending on electrodeposition parameters. Notably, rod coarsening due to secondary rod agglomeration occurred at higher currents and longer deposition durations during galvanostatic electrodeposition. In contrast, potentiostatic electrodeposition prevented agglomeration and increased the quantity of Sn rods with voltage. Subsequently, the core-shell structures were fabricated by anodizing Sn rods, forming mesoporous Sn-oxide layers with different pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the core-shell anode performance for LIBs varied with the Sn-oxide shell’s microstructure. These findings provide insights into optimal core-shell structures to improve anode performance for LIBs. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c7fed45a860d476b97b1917cdf33cf3f2025-08-20T03:46:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511602610.3390/app15116026Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion BatteriesWoo-Jin Lee0Yu-Jeong Min1Heon-Cheol Shin2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. This study reports the fabrication of core (Sn rod)-shell (mesoporous Sn-oxide layer) structures through electrodeposition followed by anodization, and their applications to anode active materials for LIBs. First, micro-Sn rods with controlled lengths and diameters were fabricated under various electrodeposition conditions. The electrodeposited Sn exhibited a dendritic structure with short secondary rods branching from a long primary rod. While the primary Sn rod diameters remained constant, the secondary rod diameters varied depending on electrodeposition parameters. Notably, rod coarsening due to secondary rod agglomeration occurred at higher currents and longer deposition durations during galvanostatic electrodeposition. In contrast, potentiostatic electrodeposition prevented agglomeration and increased the quantity of Sn rods with voltage. Subsequently, the core-shell structures were fabricated by anodizing Sn rods, forming mesoporous Sn-oxide layers with different pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the core-shell anode performance for LIBs varied with the Sn-oxide shell’s microstructure. These findings provide insights into optimal core-shell structures to improve anode performance for LIBs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6026lithium batteryelectrodepositionanodic oxidationtin oxidecore-shell structure |
| spellingShingle | Woo-Jin Lee Yu-Jeong Min Heon-Cheol Shin Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries Applied Sciences lithium battery electrodeposition anodic oxidation tin oxide core-shell structure |
| title | Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | electrochemically engineered mesoporous sn oxide rods for anode materials in lithium ion batteries |
| topic | lithium battery electrodeposition anodic oxidation tin oxide core-shell structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6026 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT woojinlee electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries AT yujeongmin electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries AT heoncheolshin electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries |