Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. Thi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Woo-Jin Lee, Yu-Jeong Min, Heon-Cheol Shin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6026
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849330693908201472
author Woo-Jin Lee
Yu-Jeong Min
Heon-Cheol Shin
author_facet Woo-Jin Lee
Yu-Jeong Min
Heon-Cheol Shin
author_sort Woo-Jin Lee
collection DOAJ
description Sn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. This study reports the fabrication of core (Sn rod)-shell (mesoporous Sn-oxide layer) structures through electrodeposition followed by anodization, and their applications to anode active materials for LIBs. First, micro-Sn rods with controlled lengths and diameters were fabricated under various electrodeposition conditions. The electrodeposited Sn exhibited a dendritic structure with short secondary rods branching from a long primary rod. While the primary Sn rod diameters remained constant, the secondary rod diameters varied depending on electrodeposition parameters. Notably, rod coarsening due to secondary rod agglomeration occurred at higher currents and longer deposition durations during galvanostatic electrodeposition. In contrast, potentiostatic electrodeposition prevented agglomeration and increased the quantity of Sn rods with voltage. Subsequently, the core-shell structures were fabricated by anodizing Sn rods, forming mesoporous Sn-oxide layers with different pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the core-shell anode performance for LIBs varied with the Sn-oxide shell’s microstructure. These findings provide insights into optimal core-shell structures to improve anode performance for LIBs.
format Article
id doaj-art-c7fed45a860d476b97b1917cdf33cf3f
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-c7fed45a860d476b97b1917cdf33cf3f2025-08-20T03:46:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511602610.3390/app15116026Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion BatteriesWoo-Jin Lee0Yu-Jeong Min1Heon-Cheol Shin2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSn-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high capacity and low cost; however, significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cause mechanical degradation, limiting their practical applications. Microstructural control is a key approach to mitigating these volume changes. This study reports the fabrication of core (Sn rod)-shell (mesoporous Sn-oxide layer) structures through electrodeposition followed by anodization, and their applications to anode active materials for LIBs. First, micro-Sn rods with controlled lengths and diameters were fabricated under various electrodeposition conditions. The electrodeposited Sn exhibited a dendritic structure with short secondary rods branching from a long primary rod. While the primary Sn rod diameters remained constant, the secondary rod diameters varied depending on electrodeposition parameters. Notably, rod coarsening due to secondary rod agglomeration occurred at higher currents and longer deposition durations during galvanostatic electrodeposition. In contrast, potentiostatic electrodeposition prevented agglomeration and increased the quantity of Sn rods with voltage. Subsequently, the core-shell structures were fabricated by anodizing Sn rods, forming mesoporous Sn-oxide layers with different pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the core-shell anode performance for LIBs varied with the Sn-oxide shell’s microstructure. These findings provide insights into optimal core-shell structures to improve anode performance for LIBs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6026lithium batteryelectrodepositionanodic oxidationtin oxidecore-shell structure
spellingShingle Woo-Jin Lee
Yu-Jeong Min
Heon-Cheol Shin
Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Applied Sciences
lithium battery
electrodeposition
anodic oxidation
tin oxide
core-shell structure
title Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_fullStr Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_short Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_sort electrochemically engineered mesoporous sn oxide rods for anode materials in lithium ion batteries
topic lithium battery
electrodeposition
anodic oxidation
tin oxide
core-shell structure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6026
work_keys_str_mv AT woojinlee electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries
AT yujeongmin electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries
AT heoncheolshin electrochemicallyengineeredmesoporoussnoxiderodsforanodematerialsinlithiumionbatteries