Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) technology seeks to enable wireless connectivity with high-rates, flexibility and scalability, by distributing the antennas of the system among multiple access points (APs), allowing the spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the system to be...

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Main Authors: Ivan Alexander Morales Sandoval, Kengo Ando, Omid Taghizadeh, Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas De Abreu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2023-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10315962/
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author Ivan Alexander Morales Sandoval
Kengo Ando
Omid Taghizadeh
Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas De Abreu
author_facet Ivan Alexander Morales Sandoval
Kengo Ando
Omid Taghizadeh
Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas De Abreu
author_sort Ivan Alexander Morales Sandoval
collection DOAJ
description Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) technology seeks to enable wireless connectivity with high-rates, flexibility and scalability, by distributing the antennas of the system among multiple access points (APs), allowing the spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the system to be fully exploited. The distributed nature of CF-mMIMO systems also raises, however, a security challenge, because messages intended to a given user may be opportunistically eavesdropped by other users of the systems, leaking potentially private information. As a step towards addressing this issue, we consider the problem of beamforming (BF) design that maximize the downlink (DL) secrecy rate of the CF-mMIMO system, considering that existing approaches have shortcomings including rate performance degradation, limitations to point-to-point (P2P) and/or multiple-input single-output (MISO) scenarios, and/or poor scalability, all of which contradict the aforementioned goals of CF-mMIMO technology. With that in mind, our focus is on scalable solutions to the problem, in a manner that does not sacrifice rate or scalability. To that end, we propose an improved and accelerated power-optimizing fractional programming (FP)-based sumrate maximization (SRM)-BF, and provide an accompanying semidefinite programm (SDP)-based secrecymaximization beamforming (SecBF) which can be used to optimize the previous’ SRM-BF towards higher aggregate secrecy rates.Acomplexity analysis and comparisons via simulation demonstrate that the proposed FP-based SRM-BF outperforms the state-of-the-art (SotA), and that the SDP-based SecBF convergences quickly from the latter BF state yielding superior secrecy without significant losses in communication rate.
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spelling doaj-art-c7f52173e2924287bbf309ad3e64fd9d2025-08-20T02:49:20ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-011112750912752510.1109/ACCESS.2023.333176710315962Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO SystemsIvan Alexander Morales Sandoval0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-5451Kengo Ando1Omid Taghizadeh2Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas De Abreu3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-8174School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, GermanySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany5G Wirelesss Research Group, Lenovo Deutschland GmbH, Stuttgart, GermanySchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Bremen, GermanyCell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) technology seeks to enable wireless connectivity with high-rates, flexibility and scalability, by distributing the antennas of the system among multiple access points (APs), allowing the spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of the system to be fully exploited. The distributed nature of CF-mMIMO systems also raises, however, a security challenge, because messages intended to a given user may be opportunistically eavesdropped by other users of the systems, leaking potentially private information. As a step towards addressing this issue, we consider the problem of beamforming (BF) design that maximize the downlink (DL) secrecy rate of the CF-mMIMO system, considering that existing approaches have shortcomings including rate performance degradation, limitations to point-to-point (P2P) and/or multiple-input single-output (MISO) scenarios, and/or poor scalability, all of which contradict the aforementioned goals of CF-mMIMO technology. With that in mind, our focus is on scalable solutions to the problem, in a manner that does not sacrifice rate or scalability. To that end, we propose an improved and accelerated power-optimizing fractional programming (FP)-based sumrate maximization (SRM)-BF, and provide an accompanying semidefinite programm (SDP)-based secrecymaximization beamforming (SecBF) which can be used to optimize the previous’ SRM-BF towards higher aggregate secrecy rates.Acomplexity analysis and comparisons via simulation demonstrate that the proposed FP-based SRM-BF outperforms the state-of-the-art (SotA), and that the SDP-based SecBF convergences quickly from the latter BF state yielding superior secrecy without significant losses in communication rate.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10315962/Cell-free massive MIMOleakage minimization beamformingoptimization theoryphysical layer security
spellingShingle Ivan Alexander Morales Sandoval
Kengo Ando
Omid Taghizadeh
Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas De Abreu
Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
IEEE Access
Cell-free massive MIMO
leakage minimization beamforming
optimization theory
physical layer security
title Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
title_full Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
title_fullStr Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
title_full_unstemmed Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
title_short Sum-Rate Maximization and Leakage Minimization for Multi-User Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
title_sort sum rate maximization and leakage minimization for multi user cell free massive mimo systems
topic Cell-free massive MIMO
leakage minimization beamforming
optimization theory
physical layer security
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10315962/
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