The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats
Previous studies have shown that acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage is linked to excessive activation of parasympathetic nervous system. The Insular Cortex (IC), the higher centers of the parasympathetic nervous system, serves as both the integration site of gastric sensory information and...
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Neurobiology of Stress |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289525000177 |
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| author | Zepeng Wang Xinyu Li Yuanyuan Li Xuehan Sun Yuxue Wang Tong Lu Dongqin Zhao Xiaoli Ma Haiji Sun |
| author_facet | Zepeng Wang Xinyu Li Yuanyuan Li Xuehan Sun Yuxue Wang Tong Lu Dongqin Zhao Xiaoli Ma Haiji Sun |
| author_sort | Zepeng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous studies have shown that acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage is linked to excessive activation of parasympathetic nervous system. The Insular Cortex (IC), the higher centers of the parasympathetic nervous system, serves as both the integration site of gastric sensory information and play a crucial role in the regulation of gastric function. However, whether the IC is involved in Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric mucosal damage has not been reported. In this study, we examined the expression of neuronal c-Fos, PSD95 and SYN-1 protein expression in IC during RWIS by immunofluorescence and western blot techniques, as well as assessed IC blood oxygenation level dependant (BOLD) through functional MRI. Chemical genetics techniques specifically modulate the activity of IC glutamatergic neurons and IC-nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) glutamatergic pathway to elucidate their contributions to RWIS-induced gastric mucosal damage. The results showed that the expression of c-Fos, PSD95, and SYN-1 protein in IC increased significantly after RWIS, along with a noticeable enhancement in fMRI signal intensity. Furthermore, inhibiting IC glutamatergic neurons and the IC-NTS glutamatergic neural pathway resulted in a significant reduction in gastric mucosal damage, an increase in the expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and PCNA in the gastric wall, while the expression of nNOS decreased and CHAT increased. These findings suggest that during RWIS, IC glutaminergic neurons are activated, promoting stress-induced gastric mucosal damage through the IC-NTS-vagal nerve pathway. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c7dafc11fdfa4501bbdd7d2ec306eed5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2352-2895 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Neurobiology of Stress |
| spelling | doaj-art-c7dafc11fdfa4501bbdd7d2ec306eed52025-08-20T02:04:43ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Stress2352-28952025-05-013610072310.1016/j.ynstr.2025.100723The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in ratsZepeng Wang0Xinyu Li1Yuanyuan Li2Xuehan Sun3Yuxue Wang4Tong Lu5Dongqin Zhao6Xiaoli Ma7Haiji Sun8Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaResearch Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, ChinaResearch Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China; Corresponding author. Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China.Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China; Corresponding author. Shandong Normal University, China.Previous studies have shown that acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage is linked to excessive activation of parasympathetic nervous system. The Insular Cortex (IC), the higher centers of the parasympathetic nervous system, serves as both the integration site of gastric sensory information and play a crucial role in the regulation of gastric function. However, whether the IC is involved in Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric mucosal damage has not been reported. In this study, we examined the expression of neuronal c-Fos, PSD95 and SYN-1 protein expression in IC during RWIS by immunofluorescence and western blot techniques, as well as assessed IC blood oxygenation level dependant (BOLD) through functional MRI. Chemical genetics techniques specifically modulate the activity of IC glutamatergic neurons and IC-nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) glutamatergic pathway to elucidate their contributions to RWIS-induced gastric mucosal damage. The results showed that the expression of c-Fos, PSD95, and SYN-1 protein in IC increased significantly after RWIS, along with a noticeable enhancement in fMRI signal intensity. Furthermore, inhibiting IC glutamatergic neurons and the IC-NTS glutamatergic neural pathway resulted in a significant reduction in gastric mucosal damage, an increase in the expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and PCNA in the gastric wall, while the expression of nNOS decreased and CHAT increased. These findings suggest that during RWIS, IC glutaminergic neurons are activated, promoting stress-induced gastric mucosal damage through the IC-NTS-vagal nerve pathway.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289525000177Insular cortexNucleus tractus solitariusGlutamatergic neuronsGastric mucosal damageRWIS |
| spellingShingle | Zepeng Wang Xinyu Li Yuanyuan Li Xuehan Sun Yuxue Wang Tong Lu Dongqin Zhao Xiaoli Ma Haiji Sun The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats Neurobiology of Stress Insular cortex Nucleus tractus solitarius Glutamatergic neurons Gastric mucosal damage RWIS |
| title | The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| title_full | The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| title_fullStr | The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| title_short | The insular cortex-nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| title_sort | insular cortex nucleus tractus solitarius glutamatergic pathway involved in acute stress induced gastric mucosal damage in rats |
| topic | Insular cortex Nucleus tractus solitarius Glutamatergic neurons Gastric mucosal damage RWIS |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289525000177 |
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