Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism

Abstract Objective To develop PerAIDE, an AI-driven system for automated analysis of pulmonary perfusion blood volume (PBV) using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE). Materials and methods In this prospective observ...

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Main Authors: Linfeng Xi, Jianping Wang, Anqi Liu, Yifei Ni, Jie Du, Qiang Huang, Yishan Li, Jing Wen, Hongyi Wang, Shuai Zhang, Yunxia Zhang, Zhu Zhang, Dingyi Wang, Wanmu Xie, Qian Gao, Yong Cheng, Zhenguo Zhai, Min Liu
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Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Insights into Imaging
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-02067-6
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author Linfeng Xi
Jianping Wang
Anqi Liu
Yifei Ni
Jie Du
Qiang Huang
Yishan Li
Jing Wen
Hongyi Wang
Shuai Zhang
Yunxia Zhang
Zhu Zhang
Dingyi Wang
Wanmu Xie
Qian Gao
Yong Cheng
Zhenguo Zhai
Min Liu
author_facet Linfeng Xi
Jianping Wang
Anqi Liu
Yifei Ni
Jie Du
Qiang Huang
Yishan Li
Jing Wen
Hongyi Wang
Shuai Zhang
Yunxia Zhang
Zhu Zhang
Dingyi Wang
Wanmu Xie
Qian Gao
Yong Cheng
Zhenguo Zhai
Min Liu
author_sort Linfeng Xi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To develop PerAIDE, an AI-driven system for automated analysis of pulmonary perfusion blood volume (PBV) using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE). Materials and methods In this prospective observational study, 32 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) and 151 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) were enrolled between January 2022 and July 2024. PerAIDE was developed to automatically quantify three distinct perfusion patterns—normal, reduced, and defective—on DE-CTPA images. Two radiologists independently assessed PBV scores. Follow-up imaging was conducted 3 months after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Results PerAIDE demonstrated high agreement with the radiologists (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.778) and reduced analysis time significantly (31 ± 3 s vs. 15 ± 4 min, p < 0.001). CTEPH patients had greater perfusion defects than CTEPD (0.35 vs. 0.29, p < 0.001), while reduced perfusion was more prevalent in CTEPD (0.36 vs. 0.30, p < 0.001). Perfusion defects correlated positively with pulmonary vascular resistance (ρ = 0.534) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (ρ = 0.482), and negatively with oxygenation index (ρ = –0.441). PerAIDE effectively differentiated CTEPH from CTEPD (AUC = 0.809, 95% CI: 0.745–0.863). At the 3-month post-BPA, a significant reduction in perfusion defects was observed (0.36 vs. 0.33, p < 0.01). Conclusion CTEPD and CTEPH exhibit distinct perfusion phenotypes on DE-CTPA. PerAIDE reliably quantifies perfusion abnormalities and correlates strongly with clinical and hemodynamic markers of CPE severity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06526468. Registered 28 August 2024- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06526468?cond=NCT06526468&rank=1 . Critical relevance statement PerAIDE is a dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) AI-driven system that rapidly and accurately assesses perfusion blood volume in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, effectively distinguishing between CTEPD and CTEPH phenotypes and correlating with disease severity and therapeutic response. Key Points Right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE) is invasive. PerAIDE-based perfusion defects correlated with disease severity to aid CPE-treatment assessment. CTEPH demonstrates severe perfusion defects, while CTEPD displays predominantly reduced perfusion. PerAIDE employs a U-Net-based adaptive threshold method, which achieves alignment with and faster processing relative to manual evaluation. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-c7d99e0d5ee34eb3ac9f4bc8f4a557d52025-08-24T11:33:42ZengSpringerOpenInsights into Imaging1869-41012025-08-0116111210.1186/s13244-025-02067-6Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolismLinfeng Xi0Jianping Wang1Anqi Liu2Yifei Ni3Jie Du4Qiang Huang5Yishan Li6Jing Wen7Hongyi Wang8Shuai Zhang9Yunxia Zhang10Zhu Zhang11Dingyi Wang12Wanmu Xie13Qian Gao14Yong Cheng15Zhenguo Zhai16Min Liu17China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalDepartment of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalDepartment of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalDepartment of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship HospitalAbstract Objective To develop PerAIDE, an AI-driven system for automated analysis of pulmonary perfusion blood volume (PBV) using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE). Materials and methods In this prospective observational study, 32 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) and 151 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) were enrolled between January 2022 and July 2024. PerAIDE was developed to automatically quantify three distinct perfusion patterns—normal, reduced, and defective—on DE-CTPA images. Two radiologists independently assessed PBV scores. Follow-up imaging was conducted 3 months after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Results PerAIDE demonstrated high agreement with the radiologists (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.778) and reduced analysis time significantly (31 ± 3 s vs. 15 ± 4 min, p < 0.001). CTEPH patients had greater perfusion defects than CTEPD (0.35 vs. 0.29, p < 0.001), while reduced perfusion was more prevalent in CTEPD (0.36 vs. 0.30, p < 0.001). Perfusion defects correlated positively with pulmonary vascular resistance (ρ = 0.534) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (ρ = 0.482), and negatively with oxygenation index (ρ = –0.441). PerAIDE effectively differentiated CTEPH from CTEPD (AUC = 0.809, 95% CI: 0.745–0.863). At the 3-month post-BPA, a significant reduction in perfusion defects was observed (0.36 vs. 0.33, p < 0.01). Conclusion CTEPD and CTEPH exhibit distinct perfusion phenotypes on DE-CTPA. PerAIDE reliably quantifies perfusion abnormalities and correlates strongly with clinical and hemodynamic markers of CPE severity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06526468. Registered 28 August 2024- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06526468?cond=NCT06526468&rank=1 . Critical relevance statement PerAIDE is a dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) AI-driven system that rapidly and accurately assesses perfusion blood volume in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, effectively distinguishing between CTEPD and CTEPH phenotypes and correlating with disease severity and therapeutic response. Key Points Right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE) is invasive. PerAIDE-based perfusion defects correlated with disease severity to aid CPE-treatment assessment. CTEPH demonstrates severe perfusion defects, while CTEPD displays predominantly reduced perfusion. PerAIDE employs a U-Net-based adaptive threshold method, which achieves alignment with and faster processing relative to manual evaluation. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-02067-6Chronic pulmonary thromboembolismDual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiographyArtificial intelligenceU-NetAdaptive thresholding algorithm
spellingShingle Linfeng Xi
Jianping Wang
Anqi Liu
Yifei Ni
Jie Du
Qiang Huang
Yishan Li
Jing Wen
Hongyi Wang
Shuai Zhang
Yunxia Zhang
Zhu Zhang
Dingyi Wang
Wanmu Xie
Qian Gao
Yong Cheng
Zhenguo Zhai
Min Liu
Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
Insights into Imaging
Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
Dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography
Artificial intelligence
U-Net
Adaptive thresholding algorithm
title Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
title_full Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
title_fullStr Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
title_full_unstemmed Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
title_short Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
title_sort development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual energy ct pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
topic Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
Dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography
Artificial intelligence
U-Net
Adaptive thresholding algorithm
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-02067-6
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