Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have gained considerable attention in bone tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide a suitable environment for cell attachment and proliferation. This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibi...

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Main Authors: Julia Radwan-Pragłowska, Aleksandra Kopacz, Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek, Łukasz Janus, Piotr Radomski, Aleksander Radwan-Pragłowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8713
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author Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
Aleksandra Kopacz
Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek
Łukasz Janus
Piotr Radomski
Aleksander Radwan-Pragłowski
author_facet Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
Aleksandra Kopacz
Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek
Łukasz Janus
Piotr Radomski
Aleksander Radwan-Pragłowski
author_sort Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
collection DOAJ
description Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have gained considerable attention in bone tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide a suitable environment for cell attachment and proliferation. This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-based membranes enhanced with periclase (MgO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The membranes were fabricated using an optimized electrospinning process and subsequently characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Additionally, in vitro biodegradation studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility tests with osteoblast-like cells were conducted. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of MgO and AuNPs significantly influenced the structural and chemical properties of the membranes, improving their wettability and bioactivity. SEM imaging confirmed uniform fiber morphology with well-distributed nanoparticles. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated successful integration of bioactive components into the PLA matrix. Cytocompatibility assays showed that modified membranes promoted higher osteoblast adhesion and proliferation compared to pristine PLA membranes. Furthermore, biodegradation studies revealed a controlled degradation rate suitable for guided bone regeneration applications. These findings suggest that electrospun PLA membranes enriched with MgO and AuNPs present a promising biomaterial for GBR applications, offering improved bioactivity, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility.
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spelling doaj-art-c7cf0baf4b71406c8d0b25cc38a01f9b2025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515871310.3390/app15158713Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D BiomaterialsJulia Radwan-Pragłowska0Aleksandra Kopacz1Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek2Łukasz Janus3Piotr Radomski4Aleksander Radwan-Pragłowski5Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandElectrospun nanofibrous membranes have gained considerable attention in bone tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide a suitable environment for cell attachment and proliferation. This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and biocompatibility of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-based membranes enhanced with periclase (MgO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The membranes were fabricated using an optimized electrospinning process and subsequently characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Additionally, in vitro biodegradation studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility tests with osteoblast-like cells were conducted. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of MgO and AuNPs significantly influenced the structural and chemical properties of the membranes, improving their wettability and bioactivity. SEM imaging confirmed uniform fiber morphology with well-distributed nanoparticles. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated successful integration of bioactive components into the PLA matrix. Cytocompatibility assays showed that modified membranes promoted higher osteoblast adhesion and proliferation compared to pristine PLA membranes. Furthermore, biodegradation studies revealed a controlled degradation rate suitable for guided bone regeneration applications. These findings suggest that electrospun PLA membranes enriched with MgO and AuNPs present a promising biomaterial for GBR applications, offering improved bioactivity, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8713compositesbiomaterialsnanoparticlesguided bone regeneration
spellingShingle Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
Aleksandra Kopacz
Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek
Łukasz Janus
Piotr Radomski
Aleksander Radwan-Pragłowski
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
Applied Sciences
composites
biomaterials
nanoparticles
guided bone regeneration
title Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
title_full Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
title_fullStr Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
title_full_unstemmed Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
title_short Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Evaluation—Toward Smart 2D Biomaterials
title_sort electrospun nanofibrous membranes for guided bone regeneration fabrication characterization and biocompatibility evaluation toward smart 2d biomaterials
topic composites
biomaterials
nanoparticles
guided bone regeneration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8713
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