Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches

1, 3-Butadiene (BD) is primarily used for the production of synthetic rubbers and polymers, which are found in many industrial and consumer products. BD is suspected to be both carcinogenic and genotoxic to humans. This study aims to compare occupational exposure limits (OELs) based on BDâs carcinog...

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Main Authors: Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo, Zahra Moradpour, Marzieh Sadeghian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: OICC Press 2023-11-01
Series:Anthropogenic Pollution
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Online Access:http://oiccpress.com/ap/article/view/3513
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author Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo
Zahra Moradpour
Marzieh Sadeghian
author_facet Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo
Zahra Moradpour
Marzieh Sadeghian
author_sort Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo
collection DOAJ
description 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) is primarily used for the production of synthetic rubbers and polymers, which are found in many industrial and consumer products. BD is suspected to be both carcinogenic and genotoxic to humans. This study aims to compare occupational exposure limits (OELs) based on BDâs carcinogenic effects using threshold and non-threshold methods in industrial settings. A review of published literature was carried out to find the most suitable in vivo carcinogenic data. Selection criteria included the number of dose levels considering more than three dose level and chronic exposure through the lung route. Studies of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and Melnick et al. met the criteria for this study. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)âs BMD software, version 3.2.0, was utilized to estimate BMDL10. In the threshold approach, OELs were calculated using BMDL10 divided by uncertainty factors. The margin of exposure (MOE) method was used as a non-threshold approach. In the threshold approach, an OELI of 2.3 ppm and 3.8 ppm was estimated in males and females, respectively. In the non-threshold approach, the OELII of 0.008 ppm and 0.014 ppm was calculated for males and females, respectively, which were substantially lower than those found using the threshold method. Examining and comparing the results of this study to the threshold limit values (TLVs) and carcinogenic risk values determined by the EPA revealed that the threshold values are closer to the safe workplace concentrations (concentrations where no carcinogenic effects have been detected). Consequently, the use of non-threshold approaches results in an inaccurate estimation of carcinogenic risk.
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spelling doaj-art-c7c76e83da9e45049f790ae70294cc872025-08-20T02:03:14ZengOICC PressAnthropogenic Pollution2783-17362588-46462023-11-017210.57647/j.jap.2023.0702.25Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approachesMasoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo0Zahra Moradpour1Marzieh Sadeghian2Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran1, 3-Butadiene (BD) is primarily used for the production of synthetic rubbers and polymers, which are found in many industrial and consumer products. BD is suspected to be both carcinogenic and genotoxic to humans. This study aims to compare occupational exposure limits (OELs) based on BDâs carcinogenic effects using threshold and non-threshold methods in industrial settings. A review of published literature was carried out to find the most suitable in vivo carcinogenic data. Selection criteria included the number of dose levels considering more than three dose level and chronic exposure through the lung route. Studies of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and Melnick et al. met the criteria for this study. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)âs BMD software, version 3.2.0, was utilized to estimate BMDL10. In the threshold approach, OELs were calculated using BMDL10 divided by uncertainty factors. The margin of exposure (MOE) method was used as a non-threshold approach. In the threshold approach, an OELI of 2.3 ppm and 3.8 ppm was estimated in males and females, respectively. In the non-threshold approach, the OELII of 0.008 ppm and 0.014 ppm was calculated for males and females, respectively, which were substantially lower than those found using the threshold method. Examining and comparing the results of this study to the threshold limit values (TLVs) and carcinogenic risk values determined by the EPA revealed that the threshold values are closer to the safe workplace concentrations (concentrations where no carcinogenic effects have been detected). Consequently, the use of non-threshold approaches results in an inaccurate estimation of carcinogenic risk.http://oiccpress.com/ap/article/view/35131-3-ButadieneBenchmark doseCarcinogenNon-thresholdOELThreshold
spellingShingle Masoomeh Vahabi Shekarloo
Zahra Moradpour
Marzieh Sadeghian
Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
Anthropogenic Pollution
1-3-Butadiene
Benchmark dose
Carcinogen
Non-threshold
OEL
Threshold
title Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
title_full Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
title_fullStr Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
title_full_unstemmed Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
title_short Occupational exposure limits for 1, 3-butadiene based on carcinogenic effects: a comparison of the threshold and non-threshold approaches
title_sort occupational exposure limits for 1 3 butadiene based on carcinogenic effects a comparison of the threshold and non threshold approaches
topic 1-3-Butadiene
Benchmark dose
Carcinogen
Non-threshold
OEL
Threshold
url http://oiccpress.com/ap/article/view/3513
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AT marziehsadeghian occupationalexposurelimitsfor13butadienebasedoncarcinogeniceffectsacomparisonofthethresholdandnonthresholdapproaches