Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundAlthough mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in modifying 1 or 2 health-risk behaviors at a time, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of stand-alone mHealth interventions on multiple health risk behaviors. Obj...

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Main Authors: Anna Seiterö, Pontus Henriksson, Kristin Thomas, Hanna Henriksson, Marie Löf, Marcus Bendtsen, Ulrika Müssener
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Medical Internet Research
Online Access:https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69425
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author Anna Seiterö
Pontus Henriksson
Kristin Thomas
Hanna Henriksson
Marie Löf
Marcus Bendtsen
Ulrika Müssener
author_facet Anna Seiterö
Pontus Henriksson
Kristin Thomas
Hanna Henriksson
Marie Löf
Marcus Bendtsen
Ulrika Müssener
author_sort Anna Seiterö
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAlthough mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in modifying 1 or 2 health-risk behaviors at a time, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of stand-alone mHealth interventions on multiple health risk behaviors. ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the 2- and 4-month effectiveness of an mHealth intervention (LIFE4YOUth) targeting alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and smoking among Swedish high school students, compared with a waiting-list control condition. MethodsA 2-arm parallel group, single-blind randomized controlled trial (1:1) was conducted from September 2020 to June 2023. Eligibility criteria included nonadherence to guidelines related to the primary outcomes, such as weekly alcohol consumption (standard drinks), monthly frequency of heavy episodic drinking (ie, ≥4 standard drinks), daily intake of fruit and vegetables (100-g portions), weekly consumption of sugary drinks (33-cL servings), weekly duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes), and 4-week point prevalence of smoking abstinence. The intervention group had 16 weeks of access to LIFE4YOUth, a fully automated intervention including recurring screening, text message services, and a web-based dashboard. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted on available and imputed 2- and 4-month self-reported data from participants at risk for each outcome respectively, at baseline. Effects were estimated using multilevel models with adaptive intercepts (per individual) and time by group interactions, adjusted for baseline age, sex, household economy, and self-perceived importance, confidence, and know-how to change behaviors. Bayesian inference with standard (half-)normal priors and null-hypothesis testing was used to estimate the parameters of statistical models. ResultsIn total, 756 students (aged 15-20, mean 17.1, SD 1.2 years; 69%, 520/756 females; 31%, 236/756 males) from high schools across Sweden participated in the trial. Follow-up surveys were completed by 71% (539/756) of participants at 2 months and 57% (431/756) of participants at 4 months. Most participants in the intervention group (219/377, 58%) engaged with the intervention at least once. At 2 months, results indicated positive effects in the intervention group, with complete case data indicating median between-group differences in fruit and vegetable consumption (0.32 portions per day, 95% CI 0.13-0.52), physical activity (50 minutes per week, 95% CI –0.2 to 99.7), and incidence rate ratio for heavy episodic drinking (0.77, 95% CI 0.55-1.07). The odds ratio for smoking abstinence (1.09, 95% CI 0.34-3.64), incidence rate ratio for weekly alcohol consumption (0.69, 95% CI 0.27-1.83), and the number of sugary drinks consumed weekly (0.89, 95% CI 0.73-1.1) indicated inconclusive evidence for effects due to uncertainty in the estimates. At 4 months, a remaining effect was observed on physical activity only. ConclusionsAlthough underpowered, our findings suggest modest short-term effects of the LIFE4YOUth intervention, primarily on physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Our results provide inconclusive evidence regarding weekly alcohol consumption and smoking abstinence. Trial RegistrationISRCTN Registry ISRCTN34468623; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN34468623
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spelling doaj-art-c7b77cb440954f898e7df380edf265fb2025-08-20T02:12:21ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712025-04-0127e6942510.2196/69425Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled TrialAnna Seiteröhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-8417Pontus Henrikssonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-7048Kristin Thomashttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-4855Hanna Henrikssonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-1497Marie Löfhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-4430Marcus Bendtsenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-1164Ulrika Müssenerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-5419 BackgroundAlthough mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in modifying 1 or 2 health-risk behaviors at a time, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of stand-alone mHealth interventions on multiple health risk behaviors. ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the 2- and 4-month effectiveness of an mHealth intervention (LIFE4YOUth) targeting alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and smoking among Swedish high school students, compared with a waiting-list control condition. MethodsA 2-arm parallel group, single-blind randomized controlled trial (1:1) was conducted from September 2020 to June 2023. Eligibility criteria included nonadherence to guidelines related to the primary outcomes, such as weekly alcohol consumption (standard drinks), monthly frequency of heavy episodic drinking (ie, ≥4 standard drinks), daily intake of fruit and vegetables (100-g portions), weekly consumption of sugary drinks (33-cL servings), weekly duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes), and 4-week point prevalence of smoking abstinence. The intervention group had 16 weeks of access to LIFE4YOUth, a fully automated intervention including recurring screening, text message services, and a web-based dashboard. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted on available and imputed 2- and 4-month self-reported data from participants at risk for each outcome respectively, at baseline. Effects were estimated using multilevel models with adaptive intercepts (per individual) and time by group interactions, adjusted for baseline age, sex, household economy, and self-perceived importance, confidence, and know-how to change behaviors. Bayesian inference with standard (half-)normal priors and null-hypothesis testing was used to estimate the parameters of statistical models. ResultsIn total, 756 students (aged 15-20, mean 17.1, SD 1.2 years; 69%, 520/756 females; 31%, 236/756 males) from high schools across Sweden participated in the trial. Follow-up surveys were completed by 71% (539/756) of participants at 2 months and 57% (431/756) of participants at 4 months. Most participants in the intervention group (219/377, 58%) engaged with the intervention at least once. At 2 months, results indicated positive effects in the intervention group, with complete case data indicating median between-group differences in fruit and vegetable consumption (0.32 portions per day, 95% CI 0.13-0.52), physical activity (50 minutes per week, 95% CI –0.2 to 99.7), and incidence rate ratio for heavy episodic drinking (0.77, 95% CI 0.55-1.07). The odds ratio for smoking abstinence (1.09, 95% CI 0.34-3.64), incidence rate ratio for weekly alcohol consumption (0.69, 95% CI 0.27-1.83), and the number of sugary drinks consumed weekly (0.89, 95% CI 0.73-1.1) indicated inconclusive evidence for effects due to uncertainty in the estimates. At 4 months, a remaining effect was observed on physical activity only. ConclusionsAlthough underpowered, our findings suggest modest short-term effects of the LIFE4YOUth intervention, primarily on physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Our results provide inconclusive evidence regarding weekly alcohol consumption and smoking abstinence. Trial RegistrationISRCTN Registry ISRCTN34468623; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN34468623https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69425
spellingShingle Anna Seiterö
Pontus Henriksson
Kristin Thomas
Hanna Henriksson
Marie Löf
Marcus Bendtsen
Ulrika Müssener
Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal of Medical Internet Research
title Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone-Delivered Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention (LIFE4YOUth) in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort effectiveness of a mobile phone delivered multiple health behavior change intervention life4youth in adolescents randomized controlled trial
url https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69425
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