Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes
This study reports on the magnetic properties of commercial cornflakes, which are primarily influenced by the iron content. An initial analysis of X-ray fluorescence on a brand of cornflakes evidenced the presence of a high concentration of Cl and up to 10.9 mg/100 g of Fe. After the extraction of i...
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2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8652 |
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| author | Francisco A. Cholico Aldo A. Orozco Luis H. Quintero Peter Knauth Zaira López José A. Paz Celso A. Velásquez Jose de Jesús Bernal Mario E. Cano |
| author_facet | Francisco A. Cholico Aldo A. Orozco Luis H. Quintero Peter Knauth Zaira López José A. Paz Celso A. Velásquez Jose de Jesús Bernal Mario E. Cano |
| author_sort | Francisco A. Cholico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports on the magnetic properties of commercial cornflakes, which are primarily influenced by the iron content. An initial analysis of X-ray fluorescence on a brand of cornflakes evidenced the presence of a high concentration of Cl and up to 10.9 mg/100 g of Fe. After the extraction of iron from the cornflakes of two different brands, as iron filings, X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the presence of crystals of elemental iron, and no traces of other crystals of iron-derived compounds were found. The Fourier Transform Infrared analysis on the iron filings does not show any binding between iron and oxygen, which further discards the presence of iron oxides. The magnetic hysteresis loops of whole powdered cornflakes exhibit weak Langevin-like magnetizations, which principally correspond to the iron used as a fortification element. The diamagnetic behavior of the higher organic material content significantly attenuates this magnetic response. The hysteresis loops of the iron filings reached magnetic saturations 1% and 5% lower than those of a pure iron sample. Additionally, the indirect measurement of magnetic susceptibility of the iron filings by magneto-thermograms revealed only one Curie transition very close to 771 °C, which corresponds to pure elemental iron. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c7b4460eebc84b0d98e5faba92831b61 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c7b4460eebc84b0d98e5faba92831b612025-08-20T03:02:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515865210.3390/app15158652Magnetic Properties of Commercial CornflakesFrancisco A. Cholico0Aldo A. Orozco1Luis H. Quintero2Peter Knauth3Zaira López4José A. Paz5Celso A. Velásquez6Jose de Jesús Bernal7Mario E. Cano8Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara—Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, MexicoDivisión de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Periférico Norte 799, Col. Los Belenes, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, MexicoDivisión de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, MexicoDivisión de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, MexicoDivisión de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara—Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, MexicoDivision de Ciencias e Ingenierias Campus Leon, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque #103, Lomas del Campestre, Leon 37150, Guanajuato, MexicoDivisión de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad, 1115, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, MexicoThis study reports on the magnetic properties of commercial cornflakes, which are primarily influenced by the iron content. An initial analysis of X-ray fluorescence on a brand of cornflakes evidenced the presence of a high concentration of Cl and up to 10.9 mg/100 g of Fe. After the extraction of iron from the cornflakes of two different brands, as iron filings, X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the presence of crystals of elemental iron, and no traces of other crystals of iron-derived compounds were found. The Fourier Transform Infrared analysis on the iron filings does not show any binding between iron and oxygen, which further discards the presence of iron oxides. The magnetic hysteresis loops of whole powdered cornflakes exhibit weak Langevin-like magnetizations, which principally correspond to the iron used as a fortification element. The diamagnetic behavior of the higher organic material content significantly attenuates this magnetic response. The hysteresis loops of the iron filings reached magnetic saturations 1% and 5% lower than those of a pure iron sample. Additionally, the indirect measurement of magnetic susceptibility of the iron filings by magneto-thermograms revealed only one Curie transition very close to 771 °C, which corresponds to pure elemental iron.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8652iron oxidefortificationmagnetization |
| spellingShingle | Francisco A. Cholico Aldo A. Orozco Luis H. Quintero Peter Knauth Zaira López José A. Paz Celso A. Velásquez Jose de Jesús Bernal Mario E. Cano Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes Applied Sciences iron oxide fortification magnetization |
| title | Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes |
| title_full | Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes |
| title_short | Magnetic Properties of Commercial Cornflakes |
| title_sort | magnetic properties of commercial cornflakes |
| topic | iron oxide fortification magnetization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8652 |
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