Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel
An ultra-high-strength press-hardening steel (PHS) and a high-strength dual-phase steel (DP) were butt-joined by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, aiming to assess the effects of a high heat input welding process on the structure-property relationship and residual stress. The post-weld micro...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Alfredo E. Molina-Castillo Enrique A. López-Baltazar Francisco Alvarado-Hernández Salvador Gómez-Jiménez J. Roberto Espinosa-Lumbreras José Jorge Ruiz Mondragón Víctor H. Baltazar-Hernández |
| author_facet | Alfredo E. Molina-Castillo Enrique A. López-Baltazar Francisco Alvarado-Hernández Salvador Gómez-Jiménez J. Roberto Espinosa-Lumbreras José Jorge Ruiz Mondragón Víctor H. Baltazar-Hernández |
| author_sort | Alfredo E. Molina-Castillo |
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| description | An ultra-high-strength press-hardening steel (PHS) and a high-strength dual-phase steel (DP) were butt-joined by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, aiming to assess the effects of a high heat input welding process on the structure-property relationship and residual stress. The post-weld microstructure, the microhardness profile, the tensile behavior, and the experimentally obtained residual stresses (by x-ray diffraction) of the steels in dissimilar (PHS-DP) and similar (PHS-PHS, DP-DP) pair combinations have been analyzed. Results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the dissimilar pair PHS-DP achieves a similar strength to the DP-DP joint, whereas the elongation was similar to that of the PHS-PHS weldment. The failure location of the tensile specimens was expected and systematically observed at the tempered and softer sub-critical heat-affected zone (SC-HAZ) in all welded conditions. Compressive residual stresses were consistently observed along the weldments in all specimens; the more accentuated negative RS were measured in the PHS joint attributed to the higher volume fraction of martensite; furthermore, the negative RS measured in the fusion zone (FZ) could be well correlated to weld restraint due to the sheet anchoring during the welding procedure, despite the presence of predominant ferrite and pearlite microstructures. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c7aeeebd5b2f473a87d452f7804d4d822025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-07-0115779110.3390/met15070791Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive SteelAlfredo E. Molina-Castillo0Enrique A. López-Baltazar1Francisco Alvarado-Hernández2Salvador Gómez-Jiménez3J. Roberto Espinosa-Lumbreras4José Jorge Ruiz Mondragón5Víctor H. Baltazar-Hernández6Materials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoInnovabienestar de México S.A.P.I de CV, Saltillo 25290, Coahuila, MexicoMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoAn ultra-high-strength press-hardening steel (PHS) and a high-strength dual-phase steel (DP) were butt-joined by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, aiming to assess the effects of a high heat input welding process on the structure-property relationship and residual stress. The post-weld microstructure, the microhardness profile, the tensile behavior, and the experimentally obtained residual stresses (by x-ray diffraction) of the steels in dissimilar (PHS-DP) and similar (PHS-PHS, DP-DP) pair combinations have been analyzed. Results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the dissimilar pair PHS-DP achieves a similar strength to the DP-DP joint, whereas the elongation was similar to that of the PHS-PHS weldment. The failure location of the tensile specimens was expected and systematically observed at the tempered and softer sub-critical heat-affected zone (SC-HAZ) in all welded conditions. Compressive residual stresses were consistently observed along the weldments in all specimens; the more accentuated negative RS were measured in the PHS joint attributed to the higher volume fraction of martensite; furthermore, the negative RS measured in the fusion zone (FZ) could be well correlated to weld restraint due to the sheet anchoring during the welding procedure, despite the presence of predominant ferrite and pearlite microstructures.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/791GMAW of PHS-DP steelsmicrostructure and hardnesstensile propertiesresidual stress |
| spellingShingle | Alfredo E. Molina-Castillo Enrique A. López-Baltazar Francisco Alvarado-Hernández Salvador Gómez-Jiménez J. Roberto Espinosa-Lumbreras José Jorge Ruiz Mondragón Víctor H. Baltazar-Hernández Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel Metals GMAW of PHS-DP steels microstructure and hardness tensile properties residual stress |
| title | Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel |
| title_full | Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel |
| title_short | Effect of the Heat Affected Zone Hardness Reduction on the Tensile Properties of GMAW Press Hardening Automotive Steel |
| title_sort | effect of the heat affected zone hardness reduction on the tensile properties of gmaw press hardening automotive steel |
| topic | GMAW of PHS-DP steels microstructure and hardness tensile properties residual stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/791 |
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