Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Skin Neglected tropical diseases including leprosy and Buruli ulcer cause aesthetic and functional impairments due to late detection of the diseases. This study assessed the quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcer in Nigeria. Methods This wa...

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Main Authors: Amaka Esmai-Onyima, Ngozi Ekeke, Ifeyinwa Ezenwosu, Edmund N. Ossai, Chinwe Eze, Francis Chinawa, Obiora Iteke, Precious Henry, Charles Nwafor, Ngozi Murphy-Okpala, Martin Njoku, Anthony O. Meka, Chukwuma Anyaike, Joseph N. Chukwu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23536-z
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author Amaka Esmai-Onyima
Ngozi Ekeke
Ifeyinwa Ezenwosu
Edmund N. Ossai
Chinwe Eze
Francis Chinawa
Obiora Iteke
Precious Henry
Charles Nwafor
Ngozi Murphy-Okpala
Martin Njoku
Anthony O. Meka
Chukwuma Anyaike
Joseph N. Chukwu
author_facet Amaka Esmai-Onyima
Ngozi Ekeke
Ifeyinwa Ezenwosu
Edmund N. Ossai
Chinwe Eze
Francis Chinawa
Obiora Iteke
Precious Henry
Charles Nwafor
Ngozi Murphy-Okpala
Martin Njoku
Anthony O. Meka
Chukwuma Anyaike
Joseph N. Chukwu
author_sort Amaka Esmai-Onyima
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Skin Neglected tropical diseases including leprosy and Buruli ulcer cause aesthetic and functional impairments due to late detection of the diseases. This study assessed the quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcer in Nigeria. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It involved 635 persons affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcers who were purposively selected from the endemic local government areas in six Southern States of Nigeria. The SARI Stigma Scale was used to assess stigma while the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to determine the Quality of life. Chi-square test, Correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression analysis were used in the study. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p-value of < 0.05. Results The mean age of the respondents was 43.8 ± 17.0years. A higher proportion of the respondents, 78.9% were affected by leprosy. Less than one-third of the respondents, 29.3% had good quality of life. The mean overall stigma score was significantly higher for leprosy patients when compared with BU, (p = 0.042). There was a strong negative correlation between overall stigma and overall quality of life, (n = 635, r=-0.530, p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between overall social support and overall quality of life, (n = 635, r = 0.558, p < 0.001). Predictors of good quality of life included having no formal education, (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.7), being unemployed, (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.7), having vocational training, (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.1), being affected by leprosy, (AOR = 4.3, 95%CI: 2.3–8.1) and having poor social support, (AOR = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.05–0.2). Conclusion The quality of life of the individuals decreases as the level of stigma increases. Thus, the need to continue community health education campaigns to change the existing stereotypes about the diseases and provide strong social support for the affected individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-c7a795171e8a41c3b36bfd0175695fe12025-08-20T04:01:42ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111010.1186/s12889-025-23536-zQuality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional studyAmaka Esmai-Onyima0Ngozi Ekeke1Ifeyinwa Ezenwosu2Edmund N. Ossai3Chinwe Eze4Francis Chinawa5Obiora Iteke6Precious Henry7Charles Nwafor8Ngozi Murphy-Okpala9Martin Njoku10Anthony O. Meka11Chukwuma Anyaike12Joseph N. Chukwu13Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli ulcer Control UnitRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-OzallaDepartment of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State UniversityRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguFederal Neuro-Psychiatric HospitalFederal Neuro-Psychiatric HospitalRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguRed Aid Nigeria (RAN) EnuguNational Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli ulcer Control Programme (NTBLCP)German Leprosy and TB Relief Association EnuguAbstract Introduction Skin Neglected tropical diseases including leprosy and Buruli ulcer cause aesthetic and functional impairments due to late detection of the diseases. This study assessed the quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcer in Nigeria. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It involved 635 persons affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcers who were purposively selected from the endemic local government areas in six Southern States of Nigeria. The SARI Stigma Scale was used to assess stigma while the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to determine the Quality of life. Chi-square test, Correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression analysis were used in the study. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p-value of < 0.05. Results The mean age of the respondents was 43.8 ± 17.0years. A higher proportion of the respondents, 78.9% were affected by leprosy. Less than one-third of the respondents, 29.3% had good quality of life. The mean overall stigma score was significantly higher for leprosy patients when compared with BU, (p = 0.042). There was a strong negative correlation between overall stigma and overall quality of life, (n = 635, r=-0.530, p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between overall social support and overall quality of life, (n = 635, r = 0.558, p < 0.001). Predictors of good quality of life included having no formal education, (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.7), being unemployed, (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.7), having vocational training, (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.1), being affected by leprosy, (AOR = 4.3, 95%CI: 2.3–8.1) and having poor social support, (AOR = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.05–0.2). Conclusion The quality of life of the individuals decreases as the level of stigma increases. Thus, the need to continue community health education campaigns to change the existing stereotypes about the diseases and provide strong social support for the affected individuals.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23536-zQuality of lifeStigmaLeprosy or buruli ulcerNigeria
spellingShingle Amaka Esmai-Onyima
Ngozi Ekeke
Ifeyinwa Ezenwosu
Edmund N. Ossai
Chinwe Eze
Francis Chinawa
Obiora Iteke
Precious Henry
Charles Nwafor
Ngozi Murphy-Okpala
Martin Njoku
Anthony O. Meka
Chukwuma Anyaike
Joseph N. Chukwu
Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
BMC Public Health
Quality of life
Stigma
Leprosy or buruli ulcer
Nigeria
title Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
title_full Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
title_short Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
title_sort quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in nigeria a community based cross sectional study
topic Quality of life
Stigma
Leprosy or buruli ulcer
Nigeria
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23536-z
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