The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)

In February 1903, with the introduction of Austro-Russian “The Vienna Scheme”, the Macedonian issue became a European-wide problem. The diplomatic games of the Great Powers over the Macedonian reforms became one of the key factors affecting the adjustment of relations among the Great Powers. In ord...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jianzhi Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 2023-08-01
Series:Banber Arevelagitut'yan Instituti
Subjects:
Online Access:https://93.187.165.27:443/index.php/bios/article/view/55
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849388535529865216
author Jianzhi Gao
author_facet Jianzhi Gao
author_sort Jianzhi Gao
collection DOAJ
description In February 1903, with the introduction of Austro-Russian “The Vienna Scheme”, the Macedonian issue became a European-wide problem. The diplomatic games of the Great Powers over the Macedonian reforms became one of the key factors affecting the adjustment of relations among the Great Powers. In order to expand its influence in Turkey and develop German-Turkish relations, Germany mostly stayed out of the Concert of Europe on Macedonian reforms and hindered the reform process. However, when faced with a choice between Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, Germany sided with its ally Austria- Hungary. The Ottoman Empire took advantage of the differences among the Great Powers on the Macedonian reforms to slow down the reform process as much as possible and maintain the integrity of its European territory. However, in the face of the coercive power of the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire’s claims of sovereignty and struggles often faced failures. In order to avoid the complete collapse of the Empire, the Ottoman Empire tried to develop German-Turkish friendship during the Macedonian reforms, and this diplomatic choice became the main basis for the implementation of national policy in the future and promoted the reorganization of the European power structure.
format Article
id doaj-art-c7a15c69b4824ab8bc1fdbd105c25926
institution Kabale University
issn 2738-2710
2738-2702
language English
publishDate 2023-08-01
publisher National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
record_format Article
series Banber Arevelagitut'yan Instituti
spelling doaj-art-c7a15c69b4824ab8bc1fdbd105c259262025-08-20T03:42:15ZengNational Academy of Sciences of ArmeniaBanber Arevelagitut'yan Instituti2738-27102738-27022023-08-0131The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)Jianzhi Gao In February 1903, with the introduction of Austro-Russian “The Vienna Scheme”, the Macedonian issue became a European-wide problem. The diplomatic games of the Great Powers over the Macedonian reforms became one of the key factors affecting the adjustment of relations among the Great Powers. In order to expand its influence in Turkey and develop German-Turkish relations, Germany mostly stayed out of the Concert of Europe on Macedonian reforms and hindered the reform process. However, when faced with a choice between Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, Germany sided with its ally Austria- Hungary. The Ottoman Empire took advantage of the differences among the Great Powers on the Macedonian reforms to slow down the reform process as much as possible and maintain the integrity of its European territory. However, in the face of the coercive power of the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire’s claims of sovereignty and struggles often faced failures. In order to avoid the complete collapse of the Empire, the Ottoman Empire tried to develop German-Turkish friendship during the Macedonian reforms, and this diplomatic choice became the main basis for the implementation of national policy in the future and promoted the reorganization of the European power structure. https://93.187.165.27:443/index.php/bios/article/view/55Macedonian Reformsthe Ottoman EmpireDiplomatic GamesGerman-Turkish Relations
spellingShingle Jianzhi Gao
The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
Banber Arevelagitut'yan Instituti
Macedonian Reforms
the Ottoman Empire
Diplomatic Games
German-Turkish Relations
title The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
title_full The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
title_fullStr The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
title_full_unstemmed The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
title_short The German-Turkish relations during the Macedonian reforms (1903-1908)
title_sort german turkish relations during the macedonian reforms 1903 1908
topic Macedonian Reforms
the Ottoman Empire
Diplomatic Games
German-Turkish Relations
url https://93.187.165.27:443/index.php/bios/article/view/55
work_keys_str_mv AT jianzhigao thegermanturkishrelationsduringthemacedonianreforms19031908
AT jianzhigao germanturkishrelationsduringthemacedonianreforms19031908